摘要
免疫预防是指应用免疫学的方法增强机体特异性免疫力,从而达到预防疾病的策略,按其获得方式可分为主动免疫(主要是接种疫苗)和被动免疫(包括母传抗体)。目前,疫苗接种是预防和控制新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)最为有效的措施。近期,美国、哥斯达黎加和澳大利亚已批准可为6个月以上儿童接种新型冠状病毒疫苗以提供主动免疫保护,并有临床试验证实孕妇接种新型冠状病毒疫苗可为6个月以下婴儿提供被动免疫保护,这预示着有望实现COVID-19免疫预防策略的全年龄人群覆盖。
Immunoprophylaxis refers to the strategy to enhance specific immunity of the body through artificial methods,which can be divided into active immunization(mainly vaccination)and passive immunization(including maternal vaccination).Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent and control the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Recently,the United States,Costa Rica and Australia have authorized use of the COVID-19 vaccine for children down to 6 months of age.In real-world evaluation,maternal vaccination was associated with a substantial reduction in incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,the risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization and critical illness among infants younger than 6 months of age.Coupled with these advances in young children,it is possible to achieve the whole population coverage of SARS-CoV-2 immune prevention.
作者
薛凤霞
申昆玲
Xue Fengxia;Shen Kunling(Department of Respiratory,Beijing Children′s Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease,National Center for Children′s Health,Beijing 100045,China)
出处
《中华实用儿科临床杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第14期1041-1045,共5页
Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics
关键词
新型冠状病毒感染
免疫预防
新型冠状病毒疫苗
孕妇接种疫苗
儿童
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Immunoprophylaxis
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine
Maternal vaccination
Child
