摘要
目的通过分析黑龙江省2015-2019年围产儿的出生缺陷调研结果,了解黑龙江省这5年的出生缺陷发生情况,并探讨相关影响因素,为进一步降低出生缺陷率提出可参考的预防措施。方法回顾性分析黑龙江省10个县、市共24所参与调研医院的出生缺陷资料,调研对象为妊娠满28周至出生后7天的围产儿,包括活产儿、死胎、死产儿。结果2015-2019年调研围产儿共计140661例,出生缺陷儿共计1793例,总出生缺陷发生率为127.47/万,各年出生缺陷发生率分别为185.62/万、71.34/万、111.88/万、181.98/万、151.15/万;城镇出生缺陷发生率为125.31/万,远高于农村的出生缺陷发生率96.17/万,其他部分(城镇、农村属性不明)出生缺陷发生率为192.71/万。2015-2019年黑龙江省前5位出生缺陷疾病分别是先天性心脏病(11.61%)、多趾(指)(8.09%)、唇腭裂(5.13%)、脑积水(3.74%)、足内(外)翻/足畸形(3.68%)。产妇年龄分布呈两端极化,出生缺陷发生率最高的年龄组是35岁及以上(359.53/万),其次是20岁以下(194.17/万)。2015-2019年黑龙江省出生缺陷儿染色体异常发生率逐年增高,由2015年的9.03%上升至2019年的19.03%,5年间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.968,P<0.05)。结论黑龙江省2015-2019年的出生缺陷率先下降后上升,总体呈上升趋势,以先天性心脏病和多指(趾)为高发出生缺陷;出生缺陷与城乡分布、母亲年龄相关。未来应健全出生缺陷网络体系建设,提高全省产前诊断水平,落实出生缺陷三级预防措施,降低出生缺陷率,保障优生优育,提高人口素质。
Objective To learn prevalence rate of birth defects in Heilongjiang province in recent five years,and to explore the relevant influencing factors,so as to reduce the rate of birth defects further and put forward feasible reference for preventive measures.Methods The data of birth defects from 24 hospitals in 9 counties and cities of Heilongjiang province were analyzed retrospectively.The surveyed subjects were perinatal infants aged from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after birth,including live births,dead births and stillborn fetuses.Results A total of 140661 perinatal infants were investigated and 1793 birth defects were found from 2015 to 2019.The total prevalence rate of birth defects was 127.47/10000,of which the prevalence rate of birth defects in urban areas(125.31/10000)was much higher than that in the rural areas(96.17/10000),and that in other places(unknown urban or rural attribution)was 192.71/10000.In the period from 2015-2019,the top five birth defects in Heilongjiang province were congenital heart disease(11.61%),polydactylism(8.09%),cleft lip and palate(5.13%),hydrocephalus(3.74%)and strephenopodia(strephexopodia)/talipes(3.68%).The distribution of maternal age was polarized,the age group with the highest incidence of birth defects was 35 years old and over(359.53/10000),followed by below 20 years old(194.17/10000).The incidence of chromosome abnormalities increased year by year during the period in Heilongjiang province,from 9.03% in 2015 to 19.03%in 2019,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=18.968,P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of birth defects in Heilongjiang province in the period from 2015-2019 decreased first and then increased,showing an overall upward trend.In birth defects,congenital heart disease and multi finger(toe)possessed high incidence.Birth defects were related to the attributions of urban areas and rural areas,and age of the mothers.In future,construction of birth defect network system should be perfected,the level of prenatal diagnosis in the whole pro
作者
田婷婷
武宪秋
李颖
祝嘉敏
刘宁
张婷
刘梅梅
TIAN Tingting;WU Xianqiu;LI Ying;ZHU Jiamin;LIU Ning;ZHANG Ting;LIU Meimei(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Heilongjiang Harbin 150000,China;Heilongjiang Birth Defects Investigation Team,Heilongjiang Harbin 150000,China;Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang Harbin 150000,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital,Heilongjiang Harbin 150000,China)
出处
《中国妇幼健康研究》
2022年第7期59-65,共7页
Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research
基金
吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金(320.6750.18558)
黑龙江省出生缺陷发病现状调研课题。
关键词
出生缺陷
产前诊断
围产儿
预防
birth defect
prenatal diagnosis
perinatal infant
prevention
