摘要
“媒介化社会”与“风险社会”交织,世界的不确定性凸显。基于对著名政治哲学家约翰·基恩教授的访谈,本文厘清了不确定性的内涵及原因,并在跨学科视野下,从媒体实践、哲学思辨、民主政治、社会生活多层面探究了不确定性的应对之策。基恩教授提出,不确定性表示对某人或某事缺乏把握。洪水和火灾、物种破坏、大国实力消长、对民主的不满等都是导致不确定性上升的因素。在媒体实践层面,相较于突发新闻,调查性的、对语境敏感的、没有耸人听闻的事件,没有夸张和谎言的“非突发新闻”是应对不确定性的更好方案;在哲学思辨层面,虽然杜威抨击了寻求有关终极永恒现实的确定知识的西方哲学传统,但由于技术官僚的偏见和对征服自然的信仰,其实用主义解决方案仍值得商榷;在民主政治层面,受数字网络化通信革命驱动的监督式民主激发不确定性,让人们认识到世界的可塑性并想象其他可能性;在社会生活层面,作为“人为的确定性”的习惯既可能对人类行为倾向产生有害影响,也可以增强人们驾驭生活变迁的创造力。综合考虑所有因素,在不确定性日益增加的时代,基恩教授的“能够主义”或赫希曼的“可能主义”比单纯的悲观主义或乐观主义更具建设性。
"Mediated society" and "risk society" interweave, and the uncertainty of the world becomes prominent.Based on an interview with professor John Keane, a world-famous political philosopher, this paper clarifies the connotation and causes of uncertainty, and adopts an interdisciplinary approach to explore how to deal with uncertainty from perspectives of media practice, philosophical thinking, democratic politics, and social life. According to Prof. Keane,uncertainty means lack of sureness about someone or something. Floods and fires, species destruction, the rise and fall of great powers, disaffection with democracy are among the forces responsible for the rising tides of uncertainty. In terms of media practice, compared with breaking news, a better public remedy for this decadence is "unbreaking news", forms of journalism that are investigative, context sensitive and freed from melodrama, exaggeration and lies. In terms of philosophical thinking, although John Dewey attacked the whole Western philosophical tradition for its search for definite knowledge of an ultimate and immutable reality, due to technocratic bias and belief in the conquest of nature, his pragmatic solutions are still questionable;In terms of democratic politics, monitory democracy, driven by digital networked communications revolution, promotes indeterminacy. It tutors citizens’ sense of the malleability of the world and encourages people to imagine other possibilities;In terms of social life, as "contrived certainty", habits may have harmful effects on people’ s propensity to act, but can also strengthen people’ s creative ability to navigate life’ s vicissitudes. With all things considered, Prof. Keane’ s "possumism" or Hirschman’s "possibilism" is more constructive than mere pessimism or optimism in the age of growing uncertainty.
作者
刘沫潇
Liu Moxiao(School of International Journalism and Communication,Beijing Foreign Studies University)
出处
《新闻界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第7期87-96,共10页
Journalism and Mass Communication
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“百年未有之大变局下中国共产党形象全球传播与认同研究”(21&ZD314)。
