摘要
为提升油菜机械离心式集排器的排种性能,实现排种量稳定可控可调,该研究设计了一套机械离心式集排器排种量控制系统。该系统以STM32F103C8T6单片机作为微控制器,利用以光电传感器PG-602为检测元件的落粒检测模块实时检测流经导种管的排种粒数,通过基于霍尔传感器的测速模块实时获取机具前进速度,结合排种粒数和机具前进速度反馈信息构建排种量控制策略,通过动态调节机械离心式集排器工作转速实现排种量均匀稳定控制。搭建了台架测试平台,确定了排种量调控模型为线性关系模型,系统对排种粒数的检测精度不低于96.17%,系统反馈时间为4 s。台架测试结果表明,该系统能够有效降低机具前进速度、内锥筒充种量、种子尺寸和播种株距变化对排种性能的影响。田间试验结果表明,该系统控制下的最大排种量误差为10.00%,平均排种量误差为5.77%,调控合格率为90.68%,田间出苗效果好。研究结果可为离心式集排器精量播种控制系统设计提供技术参考。
A rapeseed centrifugal metering device has been widely used in field,due to its compact structure,high efficiency,low cost,and low seed crushing rate.The centrifugal force and seed gravity can also be utilized to realize the simultaneous seeding of multiple rows through the seed outlets of the upper edge of the outer cone canister.However,the seeding amount relies mainly on the forward speed of the planter,the filling quality of the inner cone canister,the size of seed particles,and seeding plant space.In this study,a seeding amount control system was designed to improve the performance of the rapeseed centrifugal metering devices.The system consisted of a microcomputer,a seeding detection,a speed measuring,a seed metering drive,and a human interaction module.Specifically,the microcomputer used a singlechip with the type of STM32F103C8T6 as a processor to coordinate the orderly operation of each functional unit.The seeding detection module was developed to real-time monitor the seeding amount of the seed metering device using a photoelectric sensor with the type of PG-602 and a signal amplifier with the type of PG-610.The speed measuring module was to monitor the sowing speed using a hall sensor with a magnetic steel disk.More importantly,the seed metering drive module was composed of a stepper motor with a model of 57HSE and a supporting driver with the type of HB808C.As such,the rapeseed centrifugal metering device was driven to rotate for the centrifugal force of seeding.Furthermore,a seeding control strategy was formulated to realize the uniform seed metering of sowing quantity.A seeding control model was selected to dynamically change the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal metering device via the seed metering drive module,in terms of the error between the actual and the theoretical seed metering amount.The actual seed metering number of the seed metering device was achieved within the seeding qualified range.A Bench test was carried out to determine the optimal seeding control model and operation paramete
作者
朱龙图
廖庆喜
刘海
王子文
廖宜涛
Zhu Longtu;Liao Qingxi;Liu Hai;Wang Ziwen;Liao Yitao(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China;Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430065,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期19-29,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000403)
国家自然科学基金项目(51975238)
国家油菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-12)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M701341)。
关键词
农业机械
试验
油菜
集排器
控制系统
光电传感器
微控制器
agricultural machinery
test
rapeseed
metering device
control system
photoelectric sensor
microcontroller
