摘要
针对谷子播种时在导种管内弹跳严重,导致谷子落地后成穴性差的问题,设计了一种谷子穴播机勺链式导种装置。其工作原理为通过约束种子运移轨迹提高其落地后成穴性,对关键零部件进行了设计,对纳种与投种过程进行了运动分析,确定了影响导种性能的重要因素。为获得最佳参数组合,分别以圆形勺、方形勺、方形平嘴勺3种种勺型式和ABS、橡胶、亚克力3种材料为因素进行单因素试验,试验结果表明方形平嘴勺和橡胶材料效果最佳。在此基础上,以纳种角度、纳种高度和链轮转速为纳种试验因素,以纳种合格率为评价指标;以投种高度、投种角度和链轮转速为投种试验因素,以穴径合格率、穴粒数合格率及穴距变异系数为投种评价指标,通过EDEM离散元仿真软件分别进行纳种过程与投种过程的三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合仿真试验。纳种过程最佳参数组合为:纳种角度45.95°、纳种高度74.05 mm、链轮转速1.76 r/s;投种过程最佳参数组合为:投种角度53.51°、投种高度25.96 mm、链轮转速1.98 r/s。为进一步验证导种装置性能,在最佳参数组合下进行台架验证试验与对比试验,验证试验中纳种合格率为95.53%、穴径合格率为93.29%、穴粒数合格率为94.73%、穴距变异系数为7.46%,台架验证试验结果与仿真试验结果基本一致,相对差值均小于5%;对比试验结果表明,安装勺链式导种装置的播种效果明显优于安装导种管的播种效果,穴径合格率、穴粒数合格率、穴距变异系数最大可提高2.75、3.43、3.25个百分点。
Aiming at the problem that grains bounce badly in the seed guide tube when sowing,resulting in poor hole formation after landing,a spoon chain seed guide device for grain hole seeder was designed.Its working principle was to improve the hole formation after landing by restraining the seed transport trajectory,the key components were designed,the motion analyses were carried out on the seed storage and seed casting process,and the important factors affecting the performance of the seed guide were determined.In order to obtain the best combination of parameters,three types of spoons,namely,round spoon,square spoon and square flat spoon,and three types of materials,namely,ABS,rubber and acrylic,were used as factors in the one-way test,and the test results showed that the square flat spoon and the rubber material were the most effective.On this basis,the angle of incorporation of seeds,height of incorporation seed and sprocket speed were taken as the incorporation of seed test factors,and the seeding qualification rate was taken as the evaluation index;the seeding height,seeding angle and sprocket speed were taken as the seeding test factors,and the qualification rate of hole diameter,qualification rate of the number of holes and the coefficient of variation of hole spacing were taken as the seeding evaluation indexes,and the three-factor,five-level quadratic rotational combination test was carried out for the seeding and the seeding process through the EDEM discrete element simulation software,respectively.The optimal parameter combinations for the seed-retention process were seed-retention angle of 45.95°,seed-retention height of 74.05 mm,and sprocket rotational speed of 1.76 r/s;and the optimal parameter combinations for the seed-introduction process were seed-introduction angle of 53.51°,seed-introduction height of 25.96 mm,and sprocket rotational speed of 1.98 r/s.In order to further validate the performance of seed-guiding device,bench-top validation test and comparative test were carried out under the optima
作者
衣淑娟
孙亭瀚
陈涛
李衣菲
李怡凯
YI Shujuan;SUN Tinghan;CHEN Tao;LI Yifei;LI Yikai(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期39-52,共14页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52275246)。
关键词
谷子穴播机
勺链式
导种装置
cereal hole planter
spoon chain
seed guides device
