摘要
研究不同喷锌(ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)时期[不喷锌(Zn0)、苗期和拔节期1∶1喷锌(Zn1)、拔节期和大口期1∶1喷锌(Zn2)、大口期喷锌(Zn3),喷施量均为4.5 kg/hm^(2)]对黄淮海生产区10个夏玉米主栽品种[登海605(V1)、迪卡653(V2)、先玉335(V3)、秋乐618(V4)、伟科702(V5)、隆平638(V6)、裕丰303(V7)、德单5号(V8)、郑单958(V9)和谷神玉66(V10)]干物质积累量、籽粒产量及其构成因素、锌含量及积累量、锌生物有效性的影响,以期为夏玉米生物锌强化及高产高效栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,与不喷锌处理相比,喷锌处理可增加夏玉米干物质积累量和籽粒锌含量,总体上显著减少果穗秃尖长,提高千粒质量、籽粒产量和锌积累量及生物有效性。夏玉米植株干物质积累量以Zn2V4处理最高,为19.74 t/hm^(2),Zn0V4、Zn3V4和Zn1V7处理次之;秃尖长以Zn3V8处理最短,Zn3V5、Zn3V9和Zn2V8处理次之;穗粒数以Zn1V5处理最多,Zn0V5和Zn3V5处理次之;千粒质量以Zn1V7处理最高,Zn2V7、Zn0V7、Zn2V6、Zn3V6和Zn0V8处理次之;籽粒产量以Zn2V7、Zn1V7处理较高,分别为10.63、10.61 t/hm^(2),Zn3V4、Zn3V6和Zn3V7处理次之,均超过了10.00 t/hm^(2)。籽粒锌含量以Zn3V10、Zn2V2处理较高,分别为60.28、60.22 mg/kg,Zn2V10、Zn2V8、Zn2V5、Zn3V2和Zn3V9处理次之;籽粒锌积累量以Zn2V2处理最高,为507.05 g/hm^(2),Zn3V2和Zn3V9处理次之;磷锌摩尔比以Zn2V8、Zn3V9处理较低,分别为320.01、325.84,生物有效性较高,Zn2V2、Zn3V10、Zn3V2、Zn2V10和Zn0V9处理次之。综合来看,Zn2V7处理籽粒产量最高,且籽粒锌含量也较高,为39.25 mg/kg,基本上达到玉米锌生物强化的目标值(40~50 mg/kg),可同步实现玉米高产和锌生物强化的目标。
The effects of different spraying zinc(Zn)stage[no Zn(Zn0),spraying Zn of 1∶1 at seedling stage and jointing stage(Zn1),spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage(Zn2),and spraying Zn at flare opening stage(Zn3)with 4.5 kg/ha ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O]on the dry matter accumulation of plant organs,grain yield and its component,Zn content,accumulation and availability of 10 summer maize varieties[DH605(V1),DK653(V2),XY335(V3),QL618(V4),WK702(V5),LP638(V6),YF303(V7),DD5H(V8),ZD958(V9)and GSY66(V10)]were studied,so as to provide theoretical basis for Zn biofortification and high yield of summer maize.The result indicated that compared with Zn0 treatment,spraying Zn treatments increased dry matter accumulation and grain Zn content,generally significantly reduced the bald tip length and increased thousand grains weight,yield,Zn accumulation and availability.Zn2V4 treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation with 19.74 t/ha,followed by Zn0V4,Zn3V4 and Zn1V7 treatments;the shortest bald tip length was obtained under Zn3V8 treatment,followed by Zn3V5,Zn3V9 and Zn2V8 treatments;Zn1V5 treatment had the highest grain number per ear,followed by Zn0V5 and Zn3V5 treatments;Zn1V7 treatment had the highest 1000⁃grain weight,followed by Zn2V7,Zn0V7,Zn2V6,Zn3V6 and Zn0V8 treatments;Zn2V7 and Zn1V7 treatments had higher grain yields with 10.63 t/ha and 10.61 t/ha,respectively,followed by Zn3V4,Zn3V6 and Zn3V7 treatments with more than 10.00 t/ha.Zn3V10 and Zn2V2 treatments had higher Zn contents with 60.28 mg/kg and 60.22 mg/kg,followed by Zn2V10,Zn2V8,Zn2V5,Zn3V2 and Zn3V9 treatments;Zn2V2 treatment had the highest Zn accumulation with 507.05 g/ha,followed by Zn3V2 and Zn3V9 treatments;Zn2V8 and Zn3V9 treatments had lower molar ratio of P to Zn with 320.01 and 325.84 respectively,showing higher Zn availability,followed by Zn2V2,Zn3V10,Zn3V2,Zn2V10 and Zn0V9 treatments.By comprehensive consideration,Zn2V7 treatment had the highest grain yield and higher Zn content with 39.25 mg/kg,basically reached the Zn biofo
作者
张盼盼
乔江方
李毓珍
何冠华
李川
张美微
牛军
ZHANG Panpan;QIAO Jiangfang;LI Yuzhen;HE Guanhua;LI Chuan;ZHANG Meiwei;NIU Jun(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Seed Management Station of Xuchang,Xuchang 461000,China;Agricultural Science Research Institute of Baofeng County,Baofeng 467400,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2022年第6期22-31,共10页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110167)
河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2022YQ03)
河南省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(202300410526)。
关键词
夏玉米
喷锌时期
籽粒产量
籽粒锌含量
Summer maize
Spraying zinc stage
Grain yield
Zn content in grain
