摘要
文章以假设发生在南海北部深水油气勘探开发海域的1279 m深水井喷溢油事故为例,采用深海溢油输移扩散模型,以2020年冬季(1月)和夏季(7月)三维流场和海面风场为主要环境动力,数值模拟研究未实施和实施海底消油剂处理情景下的溢油在海洋环境中的输移扩散全过程。模拟结果显示:不同深度的海流对溢油输移轨迹有着显著的影响;深水环境中,流速较小,井喷形成的浮射流能够向上输移较长距离;随着水深变浅,流速增强,流向多变,水中不同粒径的油滴以摇摆或螺旋轨迹向上浮升;在表层海流和冬季或夏季盛行风的共同作用下,海面油膜主要往下风向方向漂移扩散;实施海底消油剂处理措施后,水中油滴扩散范围较未处理时的更大,其中微小粒径油滴将在深水环境中长时间悬浮输移。结果可为今后南海深海溢油输移扩散规律的深入研究提供参考。
In this paper,the hypothetical oil spills resulting from 1279 m deepwater blowout accidents in the area of deepwater oil and gas exploration and development in the north of the South China Sea were selected as case studies.Using the environmental data of three dimensional current fields and sea surface wind fields in winter(represented by January)and summer(represented by July)seasons of 2020 as model input,an integrated deepwater oil spill model was applied to simulate the whole process of oil spill transport and diffusion in ocean environment without and with the applications of subsea dispersant treatment.The simulation results showed that the sea currents at different depths had significant impacts on the transport of the spilled oil.In deepwater environment where the velocities of sea currents were relatively small,the buoyant jets resulting from the blowouts could be transported vertically for a long distance.As the water became shallow,the velocities of sea currents increased gradually and the directions of sea current varied obviously,the oil droplets of different sizes in the water column rised to the sea surface with swing or spiral trajectories.The oil slicks on the sea surface drifted towards the downwind directions under the combined effects of both surface current and prevailing wind in winter or summer.When the subsea chemical dispersant treatments were implemented,the diffusion extents of oil droplets in water column became much larger compared to those cases without treatment,and the oil droplets of small size would transport in deepwater environment for a long time.The results of this study could provide useful references for further study on the transport and diffusion of deepwater oil spill accidents in the South China Sea in the future.
作者
廖国祥
LIAO Guoxiang(National Marine Environment Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,Dalian 116023,China)
出处
《海洋开发与管理》
2022年第7期14-20,共7页
Ocean Development and Management
基金
国家自然科学基金(42076215,41306099)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900606)。
关键词
溢油
南海
深水井喷事故
海底消油剂处理
输移扩散
数值模拟
Oil spill
South China Sea
Deepwater blowout accident
Subsea dispersant treatment
Transport and diffusion
Numerical simulation
