摘要
【目的】锡兰玻壳蚧Drepanococcus chiton是我国近年来新纪录的一种蜡蚧科(Coccidae)有害昆虫,对农业生产及生态环境造成巨大威胁,在云南滇西首次发现并记述其危害余甘子Phyllanthus emblica。研究明确其空间分布及相关形态学和生物学特性对该害虫的监测与防控意义重大。【方法】采用标准地调查于2019年5-9月对云南保山3块余甘子栽培林内的锡兰玻壳蚧种群发生密度进行抽样调查,应用聚集度指标法分析空间分布型;2020年1-12月分别以鲜嫩无虫余甘子枝条和嫁接有锡兰玻壳蚧雌成虫的余甘子植株作为寄主进行室内培养和试验地饲养,观察锡兰玻壳蚧的生殖方式、胚后发育、形态特征、发育历期及生活史。【结果】锡兰玻壳蚧在滇西余甘子栽培林内呈聚集分布,为害率为32%~56%,虫口密度为10.95~94.26头/株。该蚧虫一年发生2代,以受精雌成虫在寄主枝条上越冬,产卵期为1-2月、6-7月和10-11月,1-2龄若虫发生期为1-3月和6-9月,雄成虫羽化及雌雄交尾高峰期分别在3月中下旬和7月下旬-8月中旬。生殖方式为两性生殖,胚后发育系卵生类型;卵椭圆形、橘黄色,单产堆积于母体外被蜡壳保护,平均发育历期8-13 d;1龄若虫体扁平光滑,橘黄色,行动活泼随风扩散,12-18 d蜕皮;2龄若虫体背稍拱,分泌出齿状蜡质突起,7-10 d分化雌雄;3龄雌若虫体背大幅拱起,具透明薄蜡壳,虫体黄绿色或棕褐色,平均历期13-18 d;雌成虫平均历期最长(50-62 d),产卵前腹部向背面挤压,单雌产卵量847.03±13.72粒,卵孵化率为97.59%;雄性历经预蛹、蛹和成虫3个发育阶段,预蛹期5~7 d,蛹期7~10 d,雄成虫前翅发达,后翅退化,外生殖突发达,生命历期最短仅1~3 d,林间很难见到。【结论】滇西余甘子林中的锡兰玻壳蚧种群呈聚集分布,雌成虫种群具一定产卵繁殖能力,薄弱期为1龄若虫分散期和2龄若虫刺吸发育期(分别为1-3月和6-9月),�
【Aim】Drepanococcus chiton is a newly recorded Coccidae pest in China in recent years.It can pose a great threat to the agricultural production and ecological environment,and its harm to Phyllanthus emblica was first found and described in western Yunnan.It is of great significance to study its spatial distribution,and morphological and biological characteristics for its monitoring and control.【Methods】From May to September 2019,we investigated the occurrence and population density of D.chiton on three test plantations of P.emblica in Baoshan,Yunnan Province by sample-plot survey and analyzed its spatial distribution pattern by clump intensity index.From January to December 2020,we bred D.chiton indoors and in the experimental field,respectively,by fresh branches of P.emblica without the pest and P.emblica plants grafted with D.chiton female adults,and observed the reproductive mode,postembryonic development,morphological characteristics,developmental duration and life history.【Results】In western Yunnan,D.chiton was distributed in groves of P.emblica aggregately,its damage rate was 32%-56%and its population density was 10.95-94.26 individuals per plant.It has two generations a year.The fertilized female adults overwinter on the host branches and their oviposition periods are during January-February,June-July and October-November.The growing periods of the 1 st-2 nd instar nymphs are during January-March and June-September,and the peak periods of eclosion of male adults and copulation of adults were in mid-late March and during late July-middle August,respectively.The reproductive mode is bisexual reproduction and the postembryonic development is oviparous type.The oval and orange yellow eggs are accumulated outside the matrix and protected in wax shell,and their average developmental duration is 8-13 d.The 1 st instar nymphs are flat,smooth,orange yellow,active and diffused with the wind and molted in 12-18 d.The 2 nd instar nymphs are slightly arched on the back,secrete dentate waxy bulges and differe
作者
蒋华
黄佳聪
杨晏平
李归林
JIANG Hua;HUANG Jia-Cong;YANG Yan-Ping;LI Gui-Lin(Forestry and Grassland Technology Extension Station of Baoshan City,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China;Forestry and Grassland Scientific Research Institute of Baoshan City of Yunnan Province,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期895-904,共10页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
中央财政林业科技推广示范-余甘子早实丰产栽培技术推广示范项目(云[2021]TG12号)
云南省“云岭产业技术领军人才”培养基金(2015-30)
云南省乡村振兴科技特派员项目(202004BK091581)。
关键词
锡兰玻壳蚧
形态特征
生活史
生物学特性
余甘子
Drepanococcus chiton
morphological characteristics
life history
biological characteristics
Phyllanthus emblica
