摘要
网络数据爬取行为诉诸刑事法律规制已为既定实践事实,且其在司法实践中日益呈现扩大化的趋势。首先,通过对实践相关案例耙梳和廓清,探明实践中存在针对规范阙如与倾向入罪解释导致入罪的标准尚未统一、行为存在交叉与趋向兜底限缩致使罪名适用难谓准确的诟病。其次,着眼于理论中判断“爬虫”行为违法性的焦点,形式违法应结合“国家规定”与强弱“授权合约”予以释法;而实质违法应结合法益侵害性与技术措施设置之目的加以甄别。再者,基于场景理论将“爬虫”行为于行为角度区隔为“侵入性、对象性、破坏性”三种,将“对象不法”置于爬取行为的中间阶段忖量。最后,在详细探讨类型化行为不同罪名适用模式下,希冀实现规范与技术的融合、数据安全与数据经济的衡平发展。
It has been an established practice for network data crawling behavior to be regulated by criminal law,and it is increasingly expanding in judicial practice.First of all,through the rake and clearance of relevant cases in practice,it is found that there are some criticisms in practice that the standard of incrimination has not been unified due to the lack of norms and the interpretation of tendency to incriminate,and that the overlapping of behaviors and the tendency to limit the application of charges is difficult to be accurate.Secondly,focusing on the theoretical focus of judging the illegality of"crawler"behavior,formal illegality should be interpreted in combination with"state regulations"and"authorization contract",while substantive illegality should be discriminated by combining the infringement of legal interests with the purpose of technical measures.Furthermore,based on the scene theory,the crawler behaviors are divided into invasive,objective and destructive,and the"object lawlessness"is considered in the middle stage of crawler behavior.Finally,in the context of detailed discussion on the application modes of different charges for typed behaviors,we hope to realize the integration of norms and technologies,and the equitable development of data security and data economy.
作者
刘浩
LIU HAO(Law School Southeast University,Nanjing Jiangsu,211189,China)
基金
最高人民法院2020年度司法研究重大课题(ZGFYZDKT202008-04)。
关键词
网络爬虫
实证分析
形式违法
实质违法
类型规制
Web Crawler
Empirical Analysis
Formal Illegality
Substantial Illegality
Typological Regulation.
