摘要
清代的上纳布匹主要有三梭布、棉布、三线布、油墩布等名目,自乾隆朝始,额解布和添解布分类派解的体制逐渐成熟,并形成两种完全不同的定价机制。前者的定价长期保持稳定,即便有所上调亦由耗羡银两协贴,几乎不受市价波动的影响。后者在派办之初往往以时价为基础,但在严格的奏销制度下,任何上浮均要通过户部的严格审核,在一次次的驳减中价格弹性渐失。嘉道之际,随着户部对布匹的需索逐年增加,额解布和添解布渐呈通融办理之势,溢价现象亦愈发严重。各级官员在没有额外拨款的困境下,惟有将繁重的财政负担继续转嫁给布商和普通机户。
Tribute cloth in the Qing Dynasty mainly included ramie,cotton,“three-line cloth,” oilcloth.Since the Qianlong reign,the system of classification and distribution of the quota cloth and the above-quota cloth gradually matured and formed two completely different pricing mechanisms.The pricing of quota cloth remained stable for a long time,even when the cost of production increased,because the prices were subsidized by meltage fees,so quota cloth was unaffected by market price fluctuations.Above-quota cloth was often based on the current price at the beginning of the dispatch,but pricing was under strict regulations for the submission of expense accounts to the court.Any price increases underwent a rigorous audit by the Ministry of Revenue,and the price elasticity was gradually lost in the repeated reductions.During the reigns of Jiaqing and Daoguang,the Ministry of Revenue’s demand for cloth increased yearly.Both types of cloth were gradually handled similarly and the premiums paid were increasingly heavy.In the absence of additional funding to subsidize production,officials at all levels transferred the heavy financial burden to the cloth merchants and the weaving households.
作者
吴滔
WU Tao(Department of History,Zhuhai,Sun Yat-sen University)
出处
《清史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期1-18,共18页
The Qing History Journal
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“明代价格研究与数据库建设”(17ZDA192)阶段性成果。
关键词
上纳布匹
价格
奏销
价银
tribute cloth
prices
submission of expense accounts to the court
silver payable for the sale of goods at price
