摘要
明代的军解是承担徭役的特殊人群。为解决贯穿王朝始终的军士逃亡问题,明廷主要采取"实行伍"的"清勾"与增加兵户数量的"充军"两种办法,而军解就是承担军丁解送工作的人户。军解主要由民户担任,在解送正军的同时也要佥解军妻,基本原则是一军配备两名军解。虽然军解是按照户等进行佥派的,但没有统一机构负责,采取的是军卫和有司分别管理的方法。作为清勾制度的一个重要环节,军解受其影响而存在着远调之苦、吏弊之害、重勾之累和制度之扰四大弊端。虽然有识之士针对这些弊端提出了一些因应之策,但无法从根本上解决这些弊端。
The soldier-dispatching households were shouldering a special type of corvee in the Ming Dynasty. In order to prevent the escape of soldiers prevalent in the Ming Dynasty,the Ming court mainly adopted two methods: "check and manhunt system"to enrich the army and "transportation for penal servitude"to increase the number of military households. The soldier-dispatching households were mainly civilians who undertook the dispatching of soldiers together with their wives. A soldier was escorted by two civilians in principle.Dispatching of soldiers was mainly conducted by medium-level households with no specific organization in charge. There are four major drawbacks,namely,long distance of dispatching,unnecessary bureaucracy,repeated manhunt and institutional interference. Although solutions were put forward by some insightful men,the drawbacks could not be completely removed.
作者
周晓光
刘永晋
ZHOU Xiaoguang;LIU Yongjin(Research Center Sos Hui StuUies,Andui University;Denartment of Histog,Andui University,Hefei,Anhui,230039)
出处
《安徽大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期100-108,共9页
Journal of Anhui University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
2019年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(19JJD770001)
关键词
明代
军解
徭役
清勾制度
充军
解户
the Ming Dynasty
the soldier-dispatching households
Military corvee
check and manhunt system
transportation for penal servitude
dispatching households
