摘要
基于宪法人格尊严和经济自由的基本权利,国家对用户数据处分负有保护义务。从私法赋权角度出发,《个人信息保护法》规定了“个人信息携带权”的新型民事权利,但普遍性地要求企业实现用户数据可携带将扭曲市场竞争、阻碍创新,难以符合比例原则,故“个人信息可携带权”并未明确其义务主体和实施条件,仅具有宣示意义而难以发挥实质保护功能。在不宜“一刀切”地划定用户与企业权利边界的前提下,可顺应市场规律引导市场力量自发地保障用户数据自由携带:在反不正当竞争法上,将用户数据携带行为明确为企业数据财产利益保护之例外,在用户授权的前提下,经营者正当且必要地获取他人控制的用户数据,不构成不正当竞争行为,以此引入第三方市场力量化解用户与平台之间技术力量对比悬殊的问题;在市场公平竞争监管中,为弥补反垄断执法的局限性,在数字市场构建事前管制制度,强制“守门人”企业与第三方平台建立数据互操作性环境并为用户提供持续、实时的数据携带服务,重启企业在平台开放层面的竞争。
Based on the fundamental right of economic freedom in the Constitution,the state has the duty to protect users'interests in disposing their data.From the perspective of entitlement under private law,the Chinese Personal Information Protection Act stipulates"the right to personal information portability",a new type of private right,however,if the Act generally requires all enterprises to undertake the obligation of data portability,it would distort the market competition and hinder innovation,which violates the principle of proportionality.As a result,the new right does not specify the subjects and its conditions for implementation,which only has declarative significance and cannot play a substantial protection function.It's necessary to encourage the market players to take the responsibility spontaneously by following the market rules to ensure the free portability of users'data:under the anti-unfair competition law,the acts of users'data porting should be clarified as an exception of the protection for the enterprise's data property interests,so as to attract the third-party as a market force to intervene and resolve the technological power disparity between users and platforms;to make up for the limitations of antitrust enforcement,it's necessary to establish the ex ante regulation system in the digital market,forcing"gatekeepers"to establish a data interoperability environment with third-party and provide users with continuous and real-time data portability services.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第7期47-69,共23页
Intellectual Property
关键词
数据锁定
数据可携带权
反不正当竞争
反垄断
市场管制
data lock-in
right to data portability
anti-unfair competition
antitrust
ex ante regulation
