摘要
This work aims to describe the history of biometallurgy in China,introduce the development and application of biometallurgy technologies in exploitation of mineral resources,and identify the main challenges and future directions.Although the earliest biometallurgy activities in China were documented in 6th−7th century BC,fundamental research and biometallurgy applications started relatively late in this country.Rapid development,from phenotypic to genotypic characterization of biometallurgy microorganisms,as well as from theoretical to practical applications,has been made in China since the 1950s.The integrated applications of biometallurgy technology in copper,gold,and uranium extraction ensured China’s economic reserves of strategic mineral resources.Developing more efficient microorganisms and strengthening the micro-interface reactions will be an effective way to improve the biometallurgy efficiency.Biometallurgy technologies can also be adapted to recovery of valuable metal from marine minerals and e-wastes and environmental protection including carbon sequestration and heavy metal polluted soil/sediment bioremediation.
介绍生物冶金在中国的发展历史及其研究进展,指出未来生物冶金在矿产资源开发中的主要挑战和发展方向。中国最早的生物冶金活动出现在公元前6~7世纪,但生物冶金的基础研究和应用起步较晚。自20世纪50年代以来,中国生物冶金取得了从微生物表型到基因型分析,从理论研究到实际应用的快速发展。生物冶金技术在铜、金、铀开采中的综合应用,确保了中国战略矿产资源的安全储备。开发更高效的微生物菌剂及强化微生物-矿物-溶液的微界面反应过程将是提高生物冶金效率的有效途径。生物冶金技术也可用于提取海洋矿产资源和电子废物中的有价值金属,以及环境保护如二氧化碳固存、重金属污染土壤/底泥生物修复。
基金
financial support from the High-Tech Demonstration Program of the National Development and Reform Commission (2001,No.1907)
the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos.2004CB619200,2010CB630900)
the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2007AA060900,2012AA061500)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50321402,50621063)
the “111” Project of the Ministry of Education of China (No.B07043)。
