摘要
义和团运动期间,盛京将军增祺因擅自与俄军签订丧权辱国的《奉天交地暂且章程》而备受责难。学界普遍认为这是一个性质明确、线索清晰的简单事件,但忽略了签约前后繁琐的交涉过程和各方的复杂反应,若干既有观点也值得商榷。事实上,增祺并非没有向清廷呈报,然李鸿章却迟迟不予回复,直到中俄谈判的关键期才通过外媒披露,利用列强遏制俄国独占东北的企图。增祺随即被革职,继而在俄人的施压下留任。增祺认为东三省官员均与俄军媾和,却唯独自己受罚不公平。这一辩解确有实据,但这并非增祺可以脱罪的理由。不过李鸿章始终未予指示,对增祺最终签约亦有责任。相关史实反映出义和团运动时期清廷对俄交涉的艰难与曲折,晚清官场政治的复杂性亦可见一斑。
During the Boxer Rebellion, Mukden general Zengqi was severely criticized for unauthorizedly signing the humiliating Russia-Chinese Provisional Agreement on the Fengtian Province with the Russian army. Most researchers hold that the nature of this incident is clear and the evidences are beyond doubt. This conventional wisdom, however, is challenged since it ignores the complex negotiations under the surface and divergent responses from relevant parties. In fact, Zengqi did ask the Qing government for instructions, but Li Hongzhang deliberately refused to reply. The provisional agreement was not disclosed through foreign media until the Sino-Russian negotiations came to a head. By doing so, Li Hongzhang attempted to counter Russia’s ambition of dominating Manchuria by taking advantage of the objection from other big powers. Zengqi was immediately dismissed by the Qing government, but was later reinstated under the pressure of Russia. Zengqi felt he was unjustly treated considering other governors in Manchuria who also sought reconciliations with Russia had never been punished like him. Zengqi’s claim was not totally groundless, but it should not become the excuse for his immunity from punishment. Nevertheless, the failure of Li Hongzhang to give timely instructions contributed to Zengqi’s decision to sign the provisional agreement without authorization. This part of history sheds light on the difficult diplomacy of the Qing government vis-a-vis Russia during the Boxer Rebellion and the complexity of politics in the late Qing Dynasty.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期91-102,M0004,共13页
Modern Chinese History Studies
