摘要
在大国战略竞争与新冠疫情蔓延双重因素的影响下,美国供应链短板日益凸显,供应链危机成为拜登政府面临的主要问题之一。拜登政府以应对“供应链中断”为施政重点,在内政和外交两方面同时发力,全面推进实施“供应链韧性”战略,其核心目标在于通过政策手段加速全球产业重构,减少对中国供应链的依赖,重建美国在关键产业中的竞争优势。在国内层面,拜登政府全面评估关键行业与产品的供应链风险,以公私合作、议题导向、危机应对与常态治理相结合的方式,积极解决存在的问题。在国际层面,拜登政府从全球、区域与双边三个层次构建供应链联盟,使其服务于大国战略竞争与美国产业复兴的双重目标。拜登政府的“供应链韧性”战略也是其对华“战略竞争”的重要一环,旨在削弱中国在全球供应链中的地位,将对中国的产业升级和产业安全构成挑战,甚至可能会造成中国与世界主要国家在部分关键产业“脱钩”。全球产业重构是一个长期的过程,中国应充分把握时间窗口期以应对美国实施“供应链韧性”战略带来的挑战。
Under the influence of the dual factors of strategic competition among great powers and the COVID-19 pandemic,the shortcomings of the U.S.’s supply chain have been fully exposed,and the supply chain crisis has become the main problem faced by the Biden administration.Focusing on dealing with supply chain crisis,the Biden administration has made efforts in both domestic and foreign affairs to comprehensively implement the“Supply Chain Resilience”strategy.The core target of this strategy is using political power to accelerate global industrial restructuring,reduce reliance on China,weaken China’s pivotal position in global industrial and supplychains,and restore America’s competitive advantage in key industries.At the domestic level,the Biden administration has comprehensively assessed the supply chain risks of key products and industries,focusing on solving key problems in all aspects of the supply chain,and showing the characteristics of public-private cooperation,issue orientation,combining crisis response with normal governance.At the international level,the Biden administration try to build supply chain coalition at the global,regional and bilateral levels,to serve the dual goals of great power strategic competition and domestic industrial revival.The Biden administration’s Supply Chain Resilience Strategy is a key part of its strategic competition with China,aiming to weaken China’s position in the global supply chain,which will pose challenges to China’s industrial upgrading and industrial security.It may even cause“decoupling”between China and the world’s major countries in some key industries.Nonetheless,global industrial restructuring will be a long-term process,and China still has enough time to meet the challenges posed by the U.S.Supply Chain Resilience Strategy.
出处
《当代美国评论》
CSSCI
2022年第2期1-24,122,123,共26页
Contemporary American Review
基金
中国人民大学2020—2022年度明德研究品牌计划“中国经济外交的理论与实践”(项目编号:14XNJ006)的资助。
关键词
供应链
产业政策
拜登政府
中美关系
Supply Chain
Industry Policy
Biden Administration
China-U.S.Relations
