摘要
科技规划是政府分配科技资源、组织科技活动的主要方式,对中国的科技发展产生了深远影响。本文以新中国成立以来历次科技规划为研究对象,综合考虑重大历史事件,对历次科技规划的演化规律进行研究。首先,基于政策过程理论中的间断-平衡框架,结合科技规划制定的中国情境,提出以科技发展价值观为核心的科技规划演化规律分析框架。其次,基于该框架总结历次科技规划的平衡、间断演化规律,并着重分析影响科技规划平衡期的政策图景、政策场域的变化。研究发现:中国科技规划的演化呈现出明显的平衡期与间断期交替的特征,既存在重大事件下的政策间断,也存在政策的渐进性调试和垄断。一是科技发展价值观是影响科技规划演化重要的政策图景,是决定科技规划是否长期处于政策平衡状态的关键。二是政策图景的变化与科技规划的间断平衡演化过程基本吻合,科技规划的发展目标、知识分子政策和科技发展理念在不同时期构成了科技规划的政策图景。三是政策场域在科技规划演化过程中逐步形成参与主体多元化、决策民主化的决策机制。同时,本文进一步提出从政策过程视角开展科技规划研究的建议。
The science and technology(S&T)plan is the main way for the government to allocate S&T resources and organize S&T activities,which has a far-reaching impact on China's S&T development.Considering comprehensively the major historical events,this paper takes the previous S&T plans since 1949 as the research object and studies their evolution laws.Based on the punctuation-equilibrium framework in the policy process theory,combined with the Chinese situation of S&T planning,this paper puts forward an analysis framework of S&T plan evolution which takes the S&T development outlook as the core.The S&T development outlook include S&T plan goals,intellectual policy and S&T development concept in a specific period.Generally,the S&T development outlook are stable,and only when major changes occur will they affect the policy landscape.First,the S&T development outlook have not changed,the policy landscape is relatively stable,the policy is implemented within the original framework and forms a policy monopoly,which reflected an equilibrium period.Second,the S&T development outlook have changed,but their changes can't promote the new policy landscape to replace the old.The policy is gradually adjusted to reflect the new S&T development outlook,which reflected an equilibrium period.Third,the S&T development outlook have changed,and their changes have led to the replacement of the policy landscape,the change of policy field,and the break of policy equilibrium,which reflected a punctuation period.Based on the S&T plan evolution framework,the paper summarizes the punctuation and equilibrium features of previous S&T plans,emphatically analyzes the policy landscape and policy field affecting the equilibrium period.It is found that China's previous S&T plans show obvious characteristics of alternation of equilibrium period and punctuation period.There are not only policy punctuation periods under major events,but also policy gradual adjustments and policy monopoly in the equilibrium period.First,the S&T development outlook is an imp
作者
蔺洁
王婷
Lin Jie;Wang Ting(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1-8,共8页
Science Research Management
基金
中国科学技术部科技创新战略研究专项:“历次国家中长期科技规划总结研究”(ZLY201910,2019.05—2020.05)。
关键词
科技规划
政策演化
间断-平衡
S&T plan
policy evolution
punctuation-equilibrium
