摘要
疫苗出现至今2个多世纪,灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等技术依次出现,天花、脊髓灰质炎、牛瘟、马传染性贫血等30种多种烈性传染病得到根除或有效控制。2020年新冠疫情暴发,mRNA疫苗作为一种新型技术投入临床使用,其具有易于编译、安全性强、免疫活性强、生产成本低等优点,仅不到1年就完成了从设计到临床应用的过程,有效率高达95%,成为对抗新冠的有力武器。本文从mRNA疫苗的分类、免疫应答机理、改进措施、在传染病防控中的应用示例等4个方面对mRNA疫苗进展进行概述,旨在为新型疫苗研发提供参考。
Ever since the vaccine was discovered more than two centuries ago, various types of vaccine including inactivated vaccine, attenuated vaccine, subunit vaccine, virus vector-based vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine had been developed in turn.Approximate 30 kinds of the most lethal infectious diseases, such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, rinderpest, equine infectious anemia, have been eradicated or under effective control.When SARS-CoV-2 broke out at the beginning of 2020,the mRNA vaccine, a new technology possessing many advantages such as being easily designed and safety with a strong immunogenicity and low production cost, came into spotlight and firstly put into clinical practice to fight against the COVID-19.It takes less than one year to complete the process from the design to clinical application, and the effective rate was about 95%.In this article, we reviewed the mRNA vaccine from four aspects: mRNA vaccine classification, immune-inducing mechanism, improvement measures and application examples, aiming to provide reference for vaccine research and development.
作者
尼博
李月华
刘拂晓
魏荣
NI Bo;LI Yuehua;LIU Fuxiao;WEI Rong(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao,Shandong266032,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong266109,China)
出处
《中国兽医学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期600-606,共7页
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science
