摘要
为了使企业对因经营活动而对个人和社会产生的负面影响承担责任,欧盟及其成员国纷纷开展企业人权尽责立法,对企业施加强制性人权尽责义务。当前的立法实践呈现以强化企业问责为导向、以政府监督执行为保障、以企业规模大小为依据、以社会组织参与为动力的主要特征。同时,当前立法也存在法律碎片化问题突出、实质性尽责尚未实现、受害人救济仍待加强和保护性倾向较为明显的相对不足。通过对法律文本的分析可以发现,欧盟及其成员国立法体现出义务内容日益严格、适用范围不断扩大、制裁机制逐渐完善和立法实践趋向统一的发展趋势。我国政府和企业应当重视企业人权尽责立法的发展,通过主动应对的方式防范上述立法的不当适用对我国和全球供应链带来的负面影响,促进形成公平合理的企业人权尽责国际规范体系。
Aiming to hold companies accountable for the adverse impacts on individuals and society resulting from the conduct of business activities,the EU and its Member States have introduced corporate human rights due diligence legislation to impose mandatory human rights due diligence obligations on companies.The current legislation is characterized by the emphasis on enhanced corporate accountability,government supervision and enforcement,proportionality with corporate size,and the involvement of social organizations.Meanwhile,the current legislation suffers from the deficiencies of legal fragmentation,unrealized substantive due diligence,insufficient remedies for victims and a marked protectionist bias.The review of the legal texts also indicates that the legislation bandwagon among the EU is developing towards a trend of increasing stringency in the content of obligations,expanding the scope of application,improving the sanctions regime and harmonizing legislative practice.The Chinese government and companies ought to attach more importance to the development of corporate human rights due diligence legislation,prevent the negative impact of such legislation on China and global supply chains through a proactive approach,and promote the formation of a fair and reasonable international regulatory regime for responsible business.
出处
《人权研究》
2022年第2期47-69,共23页
Chinese Journal of Human Rights
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“工商业与人权:国别、区域与全球最新实践研究”(项目号:20JJD820006)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目“‘一带一路’建设法律政策相通研究”(项目号:2021JBKYJD008)。
关键词
人权尽责立法
强制性人权尽责
工商业与人权
欧盟
human rights due diligence legislation
mandatory human rights due diligence
business and human rights
European Union
