摘要
黄淮海地区是我国重要的生猪养殖和种植业基地,研究农田生猪承载力对指导生猪养殖规划和猪场粪污还田有重要意义。该文估算了黄淮海地区生猪养殖污染物产量及耕地负荷,并基于“以种定养、以需定养”的理念,以整个黄淮海为研究范围,以该地区最常见的6种作物为研究对象,研究不同作物农田生猪承载力。结果表明:2017年黄淮海地区共出栏生猪18 071.25万头,年产猪粪、污水、TN、TP量分别为3 886.84万、28 769.43万、96.44万、13.62万t, Cu和Zn量分别为5 799.13、8 805.32 t,耕地负荷为6.22~11.33头猪当量·hm^(-2)。就研究的6种作物而言,黄淮海农田生猪承载力为1.58~20.96头猪当量·hm^(-2),作物和地域是重要的影响因素。总体而言,黄淮海不同作物农田生猪承载力大小顺序为小麦>水稻>棉花≈玉米>油菜>大豆。整个黄淮海地区水稻、小麦、油菜、玉米、大豆和棉花的单位面积农田生猪承载力分别为10.32、11.47、4.72、5.39、3.77和5.53头猪当量·hm^(-2)。综上所述,在评价生猪养殖粪污还田量及猪场农田配套时,需考虑该农田的作物种类、农作物产量、土壤肥力、粪肥替代比等因素。
The Huang-Huai-Hai region is an important cropping and pig breeding base in China. It is of great significance to study the carrying capacity of pigs for guiding pig breeding planning and returning of pig manure to field. In this paper, the pollutants yield of pig breeding and the load of cultivated land in Huang-Huai-Hai region was estimated. Based on the concept of "The amount of breeding is determined by the amount of cultivation and demand", the whole Huang-Huai-Hai region was taken as the research scope and the most common 6 crops in the area were taken as the research objects to study the carrying capacity of different crops for pig breeding. The results show that, the total output was 180.712 5 million of pigs in 2017 in the region and the annual yield of pig manure, wastewater, TN, TP, Cu and Zn were 38 868 400, 287 694 300, 964 400, 136 200, 5 799 and 8 805 tons, respectively, and the carrying capacity of cultivated land for pig breeding was 6.22-11.33 pigs equivalent·hm^(-2). For the six crops studied, their carrying capacity of pigs in the region was 1.58-20.96 pigs equivalent·hm^(-2) and crop species and area were the important influencing factors. Overall, the carrying capacity of different crop land for pig breeding in the region was in the order of wheat > rice > cotton ≈ corn > rape > soybean. The land carrying capacity of rice, wheat, rape, corn, soybean and cotton farmlands in the region for pig breeding were 10.32, 11.47, 4.72, 5.39, 3.77 and 5.53 pigs equivalent·hm^(-2), respectively. In summary, factors such as crop species, crop yield, soil fertility and replacement ratio of manure in the field should be taken into consideration when evaluating the amount of manure returned from pig breeding and the farmland support of pig farms.
作者
陈广银
董金竹
曹海南
吴佩
黄艳
汪玉
郑如婷
左琳
方彩霞
肖琦
CHEN Guang-yin;DONG Jin-zhu;CAO Hai-nan;WU Pei;HUANG Yan;WANG Yu;ZHENG Ru-ting;ZUO Lin;FANG Cai-xia;XIAO Qi(Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Water Pollution Control and Remediation,Wuhu 241002,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China)
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期744-754,共11页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801403)
安徽省重点研究和开发计划项目(201904a06020044)
安徽师范大学博士科研启动金项目(2017XJJ40)。
关键词
黄淮海地区
作物类型
土地承载力
氮
磷
猪粪
Huang-Huai-Hai region
crop species
land carrying capacity
nitrogen
phosphorus
pig manure
