摘要
现代学术以专业细分著称,由此以问题为导向的研究格外重要。但问题导向的知识生产也必须理清,问题是谁的,是什么问题,当配以何种方法论。以族体认同为例,族群分析范式、公民分析范式的问题导向乃是欧美扩张型主权实践及其带来的种族、移民冲突,方法论侧重个体分析、文化多元和从公民到国家“一体”。在维护族体团结方面,其收效并不理想。对追求自立型主权的中国而言,国家整体有了主权,个体才可能成为公民。在近代以来的实践中,其民族问题的核心先是实现主权独立,深入扎根社会基层,后是铸牢中华民族共同体意识,实现共同团结奋斗、繁荣发展。族群分析范式、公民分析范式固然有长处可鉴,但无视其问题指向和方法论差别而套用,以此审视中国经验,则显然不如从主权及其日常实践分析入手的“多元一体”格局理论,有利于回避分离主义的知识陷阱。
Question-oriented research is particularly important in modern scholarship which is characterized by specialist segmentation, but question orientation should in the first place clarify for whom the question is, the nature of the question, and what approach should be adopted. Take for instance ethnic identity, the analytic paradigms of ethnic-group approach and citizen approach are due to the ethnic and immigrant conflicts brought about by the European and American expansionary sovereignty practices, and are therefore focused on individual analysis, cultural diversity, and the integration of the citizen and the state. They have proved to be inadequate in building ethnic harmony. China, on the other hand, is in pursuit of independent sovereignty. Only when the state as a whole has acquired sovereignty can the individuals become citizens. Since modern times, what lie at the core of the national issue of China are seeking sovereign independence and grounding at the grassroots society, and subsequently creating and reinforcing the commonwealth consciousness of the Chinese nation in the joint effort for prosperity and development. Although the analytic paradigms of the ethnic-group approach and citizen approach have their advantages, they obviously do not apply to the Chinese experiences. The paradigm of“unity in diversity”is more appropriate as it truly cuts into China’s conception and daily practice of sovereignty. It also helps to avoid the knowledge trap of separatism.
作者
谭同学
Tan Tongxue(National Centre for Borderlands Ethnic Studies in Southwest China,Yunnan University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期33-53,M0003,M0004,共23页
Open Times
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“新时代中国民族学知识生产及其话语体系重构研究”(项目编号:21BMZ001)的阶段性成果。
关键词
族体认同
知识生产
问题导向
方法论
主权意识
ethnic identity
knowledge production
question orientation
methodology
consciousness of sovereignty
