摘要
单位劳动成本上升对于中国这样一个贸易大国来说是一项严峻挑战,会直接影响全球贸易竞争力。利用WIOD数据库43个国家和地区制造业数据的实证考察结果表明,总体来看,单位劳动成本上升会促进制造业的价值链攀升。对于中低技术、中高和高技术水平制造行业及发达国家来说,单位劳动成本上升不会阻碍其价值链升级。对于低技术水平制造行业、发展中国家和地区来说,工资上升速率较快会对价值链升级产生消极影响,但该效应不显著。单位劳动成本上升会促进高资本密集度制造行业和GVC高参与度制造行业的价值链升级,但对低资本密集度制造行业和GVC低参与度制造行业的价值链升级效应不显著。从作用机制看,单位劳动成本变动对价值链升级的影响受到劳动生产率增速和劳动报酬增速二者变动速率的调节。因此,中国应辩证看待单位劳动成本上升问题,从提升劳动生产率入手,通过加强技术研发强度、培育高端人力资本,助力制造业价值链升级。
The rise of unit labor cost is a severe challenge for China,which will directly affect the global trade competitiveness of China.This paper uses WIOD 43 countries’manufacturing data to empirically examine the impact of unit labor cost changes on the upgrading of manufacturing value chains.The empirical results show that:overall,the rise in unit labor costs will promote the manufacturing industry to climb upstream in the value chain.The analysis of heterogeneity shows that for low-medium-tech,medium-high and high-tech industries and developed countries,due to their relative high productivity,rising unit labor costs will not hinder the upgrading of the value chain.However,for low-tech industries and developing countries,due to their lower labor productivity,wages will rise at a faster rate,leading to an increase in unit labor cost,which will negatively affect the value chain upgrade.But the effect is not significant.For high-capital intensive manufacturing industries and high-GVC participation industries,the increase in unit labor costs will promote the upgrading of the value chain of the manufacturing industry.However,the increase in unit labor costs has no significant effect on the upgrade of low-capital intensive manufacturing industries and low-GVC participation industries in the global value chain.For the mechanism,the impact of changes in unit labor costs on the value chain upgrade is adjusted by the rate of change of labor productivity growth and labor remuneration growth.Based on the research conclusions,China should take a dialectical view of the rise of unit labor costs,start with improving labor productivity,and help upgrade the manufacturing value chain by strengthening the intensity of technological research and development and cultivating high-end human capital.
作者
蒋庚华
吴云霞
Jiang Geng-hua;Wu Yun-xia(School of Economics and Management,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030006;Institute of International Econornirs,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)
出处
《经济纵横》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期42-53,共12页
Economic Review Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“全球价值链对中国出口绩效的影响机制研究”(编号:18BJL099)
教育部青年基金规划项目“参与全球价值链对中国生产要素收入分配的影响及对策研究”(编号:16YJC790039)
山西省教育厅高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目“经济政策不确定性对企业参与全球价值链的影响——基于山西省制造企业的研究”(编号:2021W079)的成果。
关键词
单位劳动成本
制造业
价值链升级
劳动生产率
劳动报酬增速
Unit Labor Cost
Manufacturing
Value Chain Upgrading
Labor Productivity
Rate of Labor Remuneration
