摘要
学习与记忆是人类正常生活的基本能力。全身麻醉药不仅需要在术中抑制患者的记忆功能以防术中知晓,还要使其抑制记忆作用在术后迅速消失,不影响患者的正常记忆和回忆能力,以防术后认知功能紊乱。近年来,随着结构生物学、分子生物学和系统神经科学的进步,全身麻醉药在分子、细胞、神经网络水平的作用机制取得了巨大进展,但是其调控学习记忆功能的机制仍不清楚。全身麻醉药可以通过中枢神经递质受体等靶蛋白、突触可塑性、神经元凋亡与退化等多种途径调控学习记忆功能。未来需进一步探究全身麻醉药抑制记忆与其抑制意识之间的联系,以助于进一步阐明全身麻醉机制,研发新型麻醉药,提升患者围手术期安全,并改善预后。
Learning and memory are the basic abilities for human to live normally.In addition to suppressing the patients′memory function during the operations to prevent intraoperative awareness,general anesthetics also need to make this effect disappear quickly after the operation,without affecting the patients′normal ability of memory and recall.Significant progress has been made in the mechanism of general anesthetics at the molecular,cellular,and neuronal network levels in recent years with the development of structural biology,molecular biology and system neuroscience,but the mechanism of its modulation of learning and memory function is still unclear.There are several different ways in which the anesthetics modulate learning and memory,including target proteins such as central neurotransmitter receptors,synaptic plasticity,neuronal apoptosis and degeneration,etc.Future studies are needed to further explore the relationship between the inhibition of memory by general anesthetics and its inhibition of consciousness to further elucidate the mechanisms of general anesthesia,develop new anesthetics,improve perioperative safety,and improve prognosis of the patients.
作者
丁媛媛
赵帅
陈向东
DING Yuanyuan;ZHAO Shuai;CHEN Xiangdong(Department of Anesthesiology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China)
出处
《医学综述》
CAS
2022年第11期2194-2198,共5页
Medical Recapitulate
基金
国家自然科学基金(82071251)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC2001802)
湖北省重点研发计划(2021BCA145)。
关键词
学习记忆
全身麻醉药
全身麻醉机制
突触可塑性
神经元凋亡与退化
Learning and memory
General anesthetics
Mechanisms of general anesthesia
Synaptic plasticity
Neuronal apoptosis and degeneration
