摘要
人口增长和城市化进程促使粮食和肉禽奶类食品需求不断增加,由此带来的农业生产活性氮(Nr)大量排放对生态环境及人类健康的影响日益加剧。黄河流域作为中国的粮食主产区,农业生产活动强度高,为研究其Nr排放规律,采用排放因子法估算2000、2005及2010年黄河流域内9省(区)农业生产不同形态Nr的排放源。结果表明:①黄河流域9省(区)中,农业生产Nr排放量最大的为河南省,最小的为四川省,河南省Nr排放量是四川的8倍。②4种形态Nr排放量从大到小依次为Nr⁃wp(排放到水体的Nr)、NH_(3)、N_(2)O和NO_(x)。化学氮肥施用和畜禽散养是NH_(3)排放的最主要贡献源,其次是规模化养殖和放牧饲养,四者贡献率达85%以上。农田作物系统径流、淋洗以及畜禽养殖流失淋洗对Nr⁃wp排放的贡献率各占1/3左右。四季非蔬菜旱地和畜禽养殖是N_(2)O排放的主要来源,其贡献率之和大于66%。③黄河流域内9省(区)单位农业GDP、单位耕地面积、单位农村人口Nr排放强度最大的均为青海省,单位农业GDP和单位农村人口氮排放强度空间分布基本呈上游>中游>下游的格局,单位耕地面积氮排放强度呈上游>下游>中游的格局。9省(区)单位农业GDP氮排放强度均呈减缓趋势,单位耕地面积和单位农村人口氮排放强度呈稳定或增长趋势,内蒙古各类排放强度变动指数均最大。通过分析黄河流域农业生产Nr排放源及排放强度,因地制宜、分类施策地提出Nr减排对策,为改善黄河流域生态环境、开展Nr排放控制基础研究和控制技术实验、制定相关政策文件、实现黄河流域农业生产高质量发展提供科学依据。
Population growth and urbanization have increased the demand for grain,meat,poultry,and dairy products,and the large amount of Reactive Nitrogen(Nr)emissions from agricultural production had a growing impact on the ecological environment and human health.The Yellow River Basin,as the main grain producing area in China,has a high intensity of agricultural production activities.We used the emission factor method to analyze four forms of Nr emissions of nine provinces(regions)in the Yellow River Basin in 2000,2005,and 2010.The results showed that:(1)among the nine provinces(regions)in the Yellow River Basin,Henan had the largest reactive nitrogen emissions,while Sichuan had the smallest ones.The amount of Nr emissions of Henan Province was eight times that of Sichuan Province.(2)The order of emissions of the four forms of Nr from high to low was Nr⁃wp,NH_(3),N_(2)O,and NO_(x).Chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and free⁃range animal farming were the largest contributors to NH3 emissions,followed by large⁃scale farming and grazing,which together contributed more than 85% of the emissions.The contribution rate of farmland runoff and leaching and leaching from livestock and poultry farm to Nr⁃wp emissions was about 1/3 each.Non⁃vegetable rainfed farming and livestock and poultry farming were the main sources of N_(2)O emissions,and the total contribution rate was more than 66%.(3)Within the Yellow River Basin,the province(region)with the highest Nr emission intensities of per unit agricultural GDP,per unit cultivated land area,and per unit rural population was Qinghai.The spatial distribution of the emission intensities of per unit agricultural GDP and per unit rural population basically showed a pattern of high in the upstream,followed by the midstream and then the downstream.Emission intensity of per unit cultivated land area was high in the upstream,followed by the downstream and then the midstream.The emission intensity of per unit agricultural GDP in all nine provinces(regions)showed a declining tre
作者
黄云凤
翟元晓
高兵
崔胜辉
HUANG Yunfeng;ZHAI Yuanxiao;GAO Bing;CUI Shenghui(College of Harbour and Environmental Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;College of Life Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism,Xiamen 361021,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第11期4676-4687,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0194000)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071263)
国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目2019⁃2022(71961137002)。
关键词
黄河流域
农业生产
活性氮排放量
排放强度
减排对策
the Yellow River Basin
agricultural production
reactive nitrogen emissions
emission intensity
mitigation measures
