摘要
This study investigates how Chinese logogriphs are comprehended by learners of Chinese as a foreign language(CFL)with different Chinese proficiencies and cultural backgrounds.Eighty-eight CFL learners from four cultures(South Koreans,Southeast Asians,Western Caucasians and Arabs)were divided into two Chinese proficiency groups according to their HSK scores,and 15 L1 Chinese speakers also took part in the experiment as a control group.The participants were asked to write down how they interpreted Chinese logogriphs in questionnaires.An ANOVA analysis was conducted to examine the effects of Chinese proficiency and cultural background on logogriph comprehension.The results indicate that the accuracy of logogriph comprehension and the frequency of adopting logogriph-solving strategies positively correlated with the learners’Chinese proficiency,and that those with higher proficiency used more linguistic and cultural knowledge of the target language.As for cultural influence,Western Caucasians tended to think more visually than the other three cultural groups,and South Koreans and Southeast Asians were better at activating Chinese semantic knowledge.The closer the CFL learners’culture is to Chinese culture,the more similar strategies they adopted to those of L1 Chinese participants.Moreover,the participants’Chinese proficiency and cultural background show an interactive effect on their logogriph comprehension,with the former factor having a greater influence than the latter in this process.
本研究探讨了不同汉语水平和文化背景的汉语作为外语(CFL)学习者理解字谜的过程。研究者首先根据88名CFL学习者的文化背景将其分为四个不同的文化组别(韩国组、东南亚组、欧美组、阿拉伯组),随后又根据他们的HSK成绩将其分为汉语高水平组与低水平组,15名汉语母语者也作为对照组参加了实验。被试在问卷中写下自己对汉语字谜的解读过程,研究者通过方差分析考察了被试的汉语水平和文化背景对字谜理解的影响。结果表明,字谜解答的正确率以及字谜加工策略的使用频率与学生的汉语水平呈正相关,高水平组的学生会更多地使用目的语知识;在文化背景方面,欧美学习者比其他三个文化群体更倾向于进行形象联想,韩国学生和东南亚学生则更善于使用汉语语义知识线索。CFL学习者所处的文化与中国文化越接近,他们所采取的策略就与汉语母语者越相似。汉语水平与文化背景能够交互地作用于字谜理解,汉语水平在这一过程中的影响程度大于文化背景。
基金
国家社科基金重大项目(14ZDB155)“汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制研究”阶段性成果。
