摘要
在先秦,《易传》对“仁”的论证逻辑是先预设天的道德属性,而后以此作为道德人伦的哲学依据。如果说胡瑗是从“生生”的宇宙论上论证“仁”之来源主要是继承了《易传》思想的话,那么他从“人性”的内在性上论证“仁”的来源则是根本性的创新。他认为“人皆有善性”,这就在整体上肯定了人人皆有实施“仁义”的能力,同时指出“众人禀赋有厚薄”,承认现实生活中个体在推行“仁义”方面存在能力的差异。虽然有推行“仁爱”的能力并不意味着一定会将其付诸实践,但胡瑗认为仁爱天下、经世济民既是“圣人”的宿命,又是普通士人的终极价值追求。因此,对于普通人而言,必须通过后天的修养成为圣贤,才能仁爱天下。
In Pre-Qin,the discussion of benevolence in the Yizhuan presupposes the moral dimension of heaven and uses this presupposition to further discuss morality and ethics.Hu Yuan follows his predecessors to use the cosmology of shengsheng to argue the origin of benevolence.Yet his great innovation to the discussion of benevolence exists in his focus on the innateness of human nature to argue the origin of benevolence.Hu believes that everyone possesses the goodness of nature,which in other words stresses that everyone possesses the capacity to practice benevolence and rightness.Hu also points out that everyone's talent is different,admitting the difference for everyone's capacity to practice benevolence and rightness in real life.However,possessing the capacity to practice benevolence and rightness does not entail that benevolence and rightness must be practiced.Hu argues that caring for all humans under heaven and governing and benefiting people is not only the destiny for sages,but also the ultimate pursuit for common officeholders.Hence,to common people,a feasible way is to cultivate oneself to become the sage and then care for all humans under heaven.
作者
张爱萍
张培高
Zhang Aiping;Zhang Peigao
出处
《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》
2022年第3期135-145,共11页
Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国仁学发展史(多卷本)”(19ZDA024)。
关键词
仁学思想
胡瑗
性二元论
元善之气
仁义
the thought of benevolence
Hu Yuan
the dualism of nature
the qi of the pure goodness
benevolence and rightness
