摘要
通过对121份有关黑恶势力“保护伞”的法院判决书进行研究,得知法院是从主体、主观、客观、保护对象、危害后果等方面作出认定。以上认定标准可分为必要要件和加强条件两类。必要要件是指认定黑恶势力“保护伞”必须具备的条件,缺一不可,包括:主体资格,即具备国家工作人员的身份;保护对象,即保护的是黑恶势力犯罪;主观要件,即明知保护对象是黑恶势力犯罪,且主观上至少具有过失;保护行为,即帮助黑恶势力犯罪分子逃避法律制裁的行为,包括积极的作为和消极的不作为。而加强条件仅对“保护伞”的认定起加强作用,不是必须具备的要件,例如行为构成犯罪、行为人受贿、行为人参与黑恶势力犯罪、行为产生危害结果等,均属于加强条件。因此,在具备全部必要要件情况下,若同时存在加强条件的情况时,则更应该认定为“保护伞”。
Through studying 121 court judgments on the "umbrella" of gang crime,it is learned that the court makes the identification from the subject,subjective,objective,protective object,harmful consequences and other aspects.The above identification criteria can be divided into two categories:necessary requirements and strengthening conditions.The necessary elements are to identify the conditions that the gang"umbrella" must have,including:subject qualification:the identity of the state staff;the object of protection:the protection is the crime of the gang;the subjective elements:knowing that the protection object is gang crime with negligence;protection behavior:helping the gang criminals avoid legal sanctions,including positive actions and negative inaction.The strengthening conditions only play a strengthening role in strengthening the identification of the "umbrella",not the necessary requirements,such as the behavior constitutes a crime,the bribery of the perpetrator,the participation in the criminal forces,and the harmful results of the behavior,which are all the conditions for strengthening.Therefore,in the case of all the necessary requirements,if any strengthening conditions exist,it should be identified as the "umbrella".
作者
黄婷
HUANG Ting(Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350117)
出处
《湖南警察学院学报》
2022年第1期102-111,共10页
Journal of Hunan Police Academy
