摘要
基于历代本草、方书、经史等各类古代文献,结合近现代相关研究资料,对古代经典名方中所用川芎药材的名称、基原、道地产区、药用部位、采收加工及炮制历史的变迁情况按历史发展脉络进行系统梳理。经考证可知,川芎原名芎䓖,始载于《神农本草经》,历代别名及商品名较多,因宋代以来医家均奉蜀川所产芎䓖为佳,故取川芎作为药材正名。早期川芎基原较为复杂,主流基原为藁本的栽培驯化种,即今川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong,但尚有用野生藁本属近缘植物作芎䓖入药的情况。明代以后各地出现新的栽培变种,如江西抚芎L.sinense cv.Fuxiong等,民国后陆续转为自产自销。川芎道地产区几经变化,唐代推崇甘肃天水等地,宋代及其后均以四川都江堰一带所产为胜。川芎历代主流多用生品,亦有辅料炮制品,如酒川芎能增强活血行气止痛的作用,另有炒制、醋制等炮制方法。经典名方中涉及的川芎药材可依据此考证结论进行选择使用。
Based on various ancient documents such as materia medica,prescription books,classics and history,combined with relevant research materials in modern times,this paper made a textual research on the name,origin,geoherbalism,harvesting time,processing methods of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,which provides a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb.According to the textual research,the original name of Chuanxiong is Xiongqiong(芎䓖),which was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing,there are many aliases and trade names in the past dynasties.Since the Song dynasty,doctors all take Xiongqiong produced in Sichuan as the best medicine,so they take Chuanxiong as the rectification of name.In the early stage,the origin of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was relatively complicated,and the main origin was Ligusticum chuanxiong,which was a cultivated and domesticated species of Ligusticum.However,wild related plants of Ligusticum are still used as medicine.After the Ming dynasty,new cultivated varieties appeared in various places,such as Jiangxi L.sinense cv.Fuxiong,which gradually turned to self-production and self-marketing after the Republic of China.After several changes in the authentic producing area of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Tianshui in Gansu province was highly praised in the Tang dynasty,and Dujiangyan in Sichuan province was the best place in the Song dynasty and later dynasties.Chuanxiong Rhizoma has been widely used in the past dynasties as raw products,and it has also been processed with excipients.For example,wine-processed products can enhance the effect of promoting blood circulation,promoting Qi circulation and relieving pain.There are other processing methods such as stir-frying and vinegar processing.Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the famous classical formulas can be selected according to this research conclusion.
作者
王艺涵
赵佳琛
金艳
刘晖晖
陈世彬
张卫
彭华胜
蔡秋杰
李兵
杨洪军
张华敏
詹志来
WANG Yi-han;ZHAO Jia-chen;JIN Yan;LIU Hui-hui;CHEN Shi-bin;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;CAI Qiu-jie;LI Bing;YANG Hong-jun;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHAN Zhi-lai(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Resources Sanjiu Medical&Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen 518110,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期262-274,共13页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。
关键词
经典名方
本草考证
川芎
名称
基原
道地性
炮制
famous classical formulas
herbal textual research
Chuanxiong Rhizoma
name
origin
geoherbalism
processing
