摘要
“颁历授时”是东亚朝贡体系的重要政治环节,是宗主国对藩属国施加影响的有效途径。在接受清朝颁历问题上,李氏朝鲜一直面临着“政治”与“技术”上的双重困境。在政治和文化上,朝鲜经历了从对清朝颁历的抵制和蔑视到礼治上的接纳和认同,体现了朝贡体系下中朝关系和东亚政治秩序的嬗变。在技术上,朝鲜却无法忽视清朝时宪历的优势。为了解决在颁历时间和历书内容上与清朝保持一致的难题,朝鲜利用朝贡体系下的出使活动,通过“重贿钦天监”和“深结西洋人”来不断窥探天朝的历法机密。延续了两个多世纪的中朝颁历和受历活动,映射出朝贡体系下双方在政治、文化以及技术等方面的内外互动与角力。
The promulgation of the calendar was a significant political activity in the tribute system of East Asia,and it was also an effective way for the sovereign state to exert influence on the vassal state.The Joseon dynasty faced the dual dilemma of“politics”and“technology”regarding the problem of accepting the calendar of the Qing court.Politically and culturally,the Joseon court experienced resistance and contempt towards the acceptance and identification of the Qing calendar.This reflects changes in Sino-Korean relations and the political order of East Asia under the tribute system in the early modern period.Technically,the Joseon court could not ignore the advantages of the Qing calendar.In order to solve the problem of how to keep their own calendar consistent in time and content with the Qing calendar,the Joseon court repeatedly took advantage of the opportunity to send envoys to Beijing to snoop out the secrets of how the Qing calendars were made.They succeeded in this mission by bribing staff in the Qing Astronomy Bureau and making deals with the Jesuits in China.The issuing and acceptance of the calendar between the Qing and Joseon courts,which lasted for more than two centuries,reflects the internal and external interaction between them in the spheres of politics,culture,and technology under the tribute system.
作者
李亮
LI Liang(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, CAS,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期50-62,共13页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“明清历算的实践与操作研究”(项目编号12173101)
国家社会科学基金“冷门绝学”研究专项“回回历法研究”(项目编号2018VJX041)。
关键词
时宪书
大统历
清廷
朝鲜
历书
the Temporal Pattern calendar
the Great Concordance calendar
Qing court
Joseon court
almanacs
