摘要
从《演证上帝存有的惟一可能的证明根据》到《纯粹理性批判》,康德本体论证明批判思想的发展主要体现在两个方面:一是《纯粹理性批判》否定了《证明根据》中康德自己所主张的“本体论证明”,即从作为一个结果的可能事物推出作为一个根据的“神的实存”的证明方式;二是《纯粹理性批判》推进了《证明根据》对笛卡儿派从作为一个根据的可能事物推出作为一个结果的上帝的存有的证明方式的批判。《纯粹理性批判》对笛卡儿派本体论证明的批判,要比《证明根据》中的批判更有层次性,也更加全面系统。此外,康德也采用了一些新的术语。其中最关键的术语创新,是把《证明根据》中的“存有”叫作“逻辑的谓词”,把《证明根据》中的“一个事物的谓词或规定”叫作“实在的谓词”。
The development of Kant’s critical thought of ontological proof,from The Only Possible Argument in Support of A Demonstration of the Existence of God to Critique of Pure Reason,mainly reflects in two aspects:first,Critique of Pure Reason negates the“ontological proof”which Kant advocats in the The Only Possible Argument in Support of A Demonstration of the Existence of God,that is,the way of proving the“existence of God”as a ground from possible things as a result;second,Critique of Pure Reason promotes the criticism of Cartesian’s way of proving the existence of God as a result from possible things as a ground.The critique of Cartesian’s ontological proof in Critique of Pure Reason is more hierarchical and systematic than that in The Only Possible Argument in Support of A Demonstration of the Existence of God.In addition,Kant also adopts some new terms,the most innovation of which is calling the“existence”in The Only Possible Argument in Support of A Demonstration of the Existence of God as“logical predicate”,and calling“a predicate or a determination of a thing”as“real predicate”.
作者
舒远招
刘丹凤
Shu Yuanzhao(Liu Danfeng,School of Marxism,Hunan University,Changsha,410082)
出处
《哲学评论》
2021年第1期164-184,共21页
Wuda Philosophical Review
基金
国家重大招标项目《马克思与德国古典哲学关系的拓展性研究》(19ZDA019)的阶段性成果。
关键词
康德
本体论证明
批判思想
发展
Kant
ontological proof
critical thought
development
