摘要
目的:揭示我国U系列球员比赛最高负荷的一般特征和位置特征,探索性地研究运用比赛最高负荷来评估训练负荷的可行性。方法:使用GPS可穿戴设备采集我国U13~U17联赛中85队次743人次的比赛负荷数据,分析Peak-5 min和Average-5 min的负荷特征,以U16国家队2次高负荷专项训练内容为案例,使用比赛负荷为基准评估训练负荷。结果:1)各年龄组球员Peak-5 min的总跑动距离(t=43.6,P<0.01;t=78.9,P<0.01)、高强度跑距离(t=35.0,P<0.01;t=55.9,P<0.01)、高强度跑占比(t=33.3,P<0.01;t=59.7,P<0.01)、高强度跑次数(t=39.8,P<0.01;t=59.8,P<0.01)、%HR_(max)(t=39.4,P<0.01;t=69.5,P<0.01)和TRIMP(t=41.3,P<0.01;t=68.9,P<0.01)均显著高于Average-5 min,平均恢复时间(t=-17.1,P<0.01;t=-33.2,P<0.01)显著低于Average-5 min。2)各年龄组球员Peak 5 min的比赛负荷基本呈现以下位置特征:各位置球员总跑动距离(F=6.1,P<0.01;F=26.5,P<0.01)、高强度跑次数(F=5.5,P<0.01;F=11.4,P<0.01)均显著高于中后卫;边后卫、边前卫和前锋的高强度跑距离(F=6.9,P<0.01;F=10.2,P<0.01)和占比(F=6.8,P<0.01;F=8.1,P<0.05)显著高于中后卫和中前卫;U15~U17中各位置球员的%HR_(max)和TRIMP(F=5.3,P<0.01)均显著高于中后卫。3)使用Peak-5 min比赛负荷为基准对训练负荷的评估结果显著低于(t=-20.7~-226.9,P<0.01)使用Average-5 min的评估结果。结论:比赛最高负荷较平均负荷更能体现比赛对球员竞技能力的要求,表现为球员需要具备在更短恢复时间内完成更高频率的高强度跑动和无氧阈心率以上高质量完成各种技战术行为的能力;我国U系列球员比赛最高负荷表现出成人相近的位置特征,但与场均负荷相比,部分位置球员的最高比赛负荷表现出趋同性;使用比赛最高负荷和平均负荷为基准,可以一定程度上评估训练负荷能否满足比赛需求。
Objective:To reveal the general and positional characteristics of the peak match load of U series soccer players in China,and to evaluate and analyze the training load based on the match load.Methods:the GPS wearable device was used to collect the load data of 85 teams and 743 players in the U13~U17 leagues in China,and the load characteristics of Peak-5 min and Average-5 min were analyzed.The two high-load specific training of the U16 national team were taken as cases,and the training load was evaluated using the match load as the benchmark.Results:1)The total running distance(t=43.6,P<0.01;t=78.9,P<0.01),high intensity run-ning distance(t=35.0,P<0.01;t=55.9,P<0.01),high intensity running proportion(t=33.3,P<0.01;t=59.7,P<0.01),number of times of high-intensity running(t=39.8,P<0.01;t=59.8,P<0.01),%HR_(max)(t=39.4,P<0.01;t=69.5,P<0.01)and TRIMP(t=41.3,P<0.01;t=68.9,P<0.01)of players of all ages at Peak-5 min were significantly higher than that at Average-5 min.The mean recovery time(t=-17.1,P<0.01;t=-33.2,P<0.01)at Peak-5 min was significantly lower than that at Average-5 min.2)The match load of players of all ages at Peak-5 min basical-ly showed the following position characteristics:The total running distance(F=6.1,P<0.01;F=26.5,P<0.01),and number of times of high-intensity running(F=5.5,P<0.01;F=11.4,P<0.01)of players of all positions were significantly higher than that of central defender;the high intensity running distance(F=6.9,P<0.01;F=10.2,P<0.01)and the proportion(F=6.8,P<0.01;F=8.1,P<0.05)of full backs,wide midfielders and forwards were significantly higher than that of central defenders and center midfielders.The%HR_(max) and TRIMP(F=5.3,P<0.01)of U15~U17 players in all positions were significantly higher than that of central defender.3)The evaluation result of training load using Peak-5 min competition load as the benchmark was significantly lower than that using Average-5 min(t=-20.7~-226.9,P<0.01).Conclu-sions:Compared with average load of the game,the highest load of the game can better re-flect t
作者
吴放
张廷安
水祎舟
姜哲
房作铭
宋冰
WU Fang;ZHANG Ting’an;SHUI Yizhou;JIANG Zhe;FANG Zuoming;SONG Bing(China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Guangdong University of Education,Guangzhou 510303,China;Chuzhou University,Chuzhou 239000,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期34-42,共9页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC890019)
广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目(2018WQNCX134)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2021SKTY01)。
关键词
比赛最高负荷
运动负荷监控
青少年球员
全球定位系统
科学化训练
peak match load
training load monitoring
teenage players
global positioning sys-tem
scientific training
