摘要
车架是重型卡车的骨架,负责固定发动机、驾驶室、传动系统、转向系统和承担上装载货重量。在车辆行驶过程中,车架不仅承受固定部件的质量载荷,还承受崎岖路面和多种复杂工况带来的冲击、扭转、弯曲、制动等载荷。车架刚度和强度的不足可能造成横梁、纵梁扭曲、开裂,车架可靠性降低、驾驶室扭转变形、前挡风玻璃开裂等严重问题。文章通过三维设计软件CATIA建立车架的实体模型,并应用有限元分析软件HyperWorks对车架模型简化,划分网格,布局应力集中区域特殊连接处理,以及工况边界条件模拟,根据车辆实际运行工况加载,进行刚度和强度分析,通过应用高强度钢、高强度球铁和铝合金材料,保证其刚度和强度的同时,达成降重30%目标,提高了运输效率,降低了运输成本,该车架已小批量投放市场。
The frame is the frame of a heavy truck,which holds the engine,cab,transmission,steering,and loads.In the process of vehicle running,it not only bears the mass load of fixed parts,but also bears the impact,torsion,bending and braking loads caused by rough road surface and various complicated working conditions.The lack of frame stiffness and strength may cause serious problems such as the distortion and cracking of crossbeam and longitudinal beam,the decrease of frame reliability,the distortion of cab and the cracking of front windshield.In this paper,the solid model of the frame is built by CATIA,and the frame model is simplified by HyperWorks,the grid is divided,the stress concentration area is laid out and the boundary condition is simulated.According to the actual operating conditions of the vehicle,the stiffness and strength are analyzed,through the application of high-strength steel,high-strength ductile iron and aluminum alloy materials,its rigidity and strength can be guaranteed,at the same time,the weight can be reduced by 30%,and the transportation efficiency can be improved,lower transport costs,the frame has been place on the market in small quantities.
作者
张潇
李昊
郑宇
史世峰
ZHANG Xiao;LI Hao;ZHENG Yu;SHI shifeng(shaanxi Heavy-Duty Truck Company Limited,Xi'an 710200,China)
出处
《汽车实用技术》
2022年第9期42-46,共5页
Automobile Applied Technology
