摘要
岱海是内蒙古三大内陆湖之一,本研究通过卫星遥感图像解析岱海流域的水域变化趋势。通过对历史气象数据分析和实地水系及土地利用调查等手段对水域变化的原因进行探讨。结果表明:(1)水域是岱海流域减少量最大的地类,草地是增加量最大的地类。(2)多年来岱海湖面面积、湖水位、蓄水量均呈现下降趋势,湖泊面积由峰值年的160.93km^(2)萎缩至2020年的48.52km^(2)。(3)岱海入湖水系以季节性河流为主,超过半数以上干枯。岱海周边常年有水入湖的水系仅包含弓坝河、大河沿河、天成河(石门水库泄水沟)三条支流,其中弓坝河是由永兴河调水300万m^(3)·a的人为调水补给源。(4)对1955-2020年的气象数据分析显示,降水量在过去的66年间没有明显变化,气温略有升高,但不足以解释岱海湖区水量大幅度减少的原因。综上所述,岱海流域有效集水面积缩小,湖区周边土地截留天然降水入湖,入湖水系的减少是岱海湖水体萎缩的主要原因。气候对岱海湖水体变化略有影响,但不是主要因子。
Daihai Lake is one of the three inland lakes in Inner Mongolia. In this study, the change trend of Daihai basin was analyzed by satellite remote sensing images. Through the analysis of historical meteorological data and field water system and land use survey, the causes of water area change were discussed. The results show that:(1) The water area is the most decreasing land type, while grassland is the most increasing land type.(2) Over the years, the lake area, water level and water storage of Daihai Lake have shown a downward trend, and the lake area has shrunk from 160.93 km^(2) in peak period to 48.52 km^(2) in 2020.(3) The water system of Daihai Lake is dominated by seasonal rivers, more than half of them were dry. There are only three tributaries, Gongba River, Daheyan River and Tiancheng River(drainage ditch of Shimen Reservoir), among them, Gongba river is the man-made water diversion source of 3million m^(3)·a from Yongxing river.(4) The analysis of meteorological data from 1955 to 2020 shows that: precipitation has not changed significantly in the past 66 years, the temperature rose slightly, but it is not enough to explain the reason of the great decrease of water quantity in Daihai Lake. In summary, the effective catchment area of Daihai has been reduced, the land around the lake area intercepts natural precipitation, the reduction of water system into the lake is the main reason for the shrinkage of Daihai Lake. Climate has a slight influence on the water body change of Daihai Lake, but it is not the main factor.
作者
牛茹
李青丰
樊如月
苏欢欢
Niu Ru;Li Qingfeng;Fan Ruyue;Su Huanhuan(College of Grassland Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010011,China)
出处
《环境与发展》
2022年第4期85-93,共9页
Environment & Development
