摘要
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)是世界上危害劳动者职业健康的常见疾患。国外有部分国家已经将其纳入职业病或可赔偿工作相关疾病范畴。欧美各国、澳大利亚、日本和韩国等国家的职业病名单中,WMSDs所属的职业病分类、相关诊断条目与纳入的疾病病种并不一致。各个国家均基于职业相关接触与肌肉骨骼疾病之间的因果关系对WMSDs进行认定。评估职业风险和疾病之间的关系均涉及两个问题——某一疾病可归因于某一职业风险的程度,以及有此种职业风险的索赔人可证明其存在的程度。对于WMSDs赔偿主要包括3种类型:工人就医过程中产生的医疗护理费用、工人因病缺勤期间的工资损失(包括暂时和永久两种)和因职业病丧生的家属福利。赔偿主要以每日津贴、退休金、伤残抚恤金、丧葬费以及遗属抚恤金等形式发放,不同国家有所不同。我国目前已有计划将WMSDs纳入职业病范畴。建议可结合我国实际,参考国际上有关国家与地区的经验,制定WMSDs诊断/认定与赔偿标准,以做好WMSDs识别、预防和控制工作,保障劳动者的职业健康。
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) are common disorders that endanger the occupational health of workers in the world. Some foreign countries have included it in the categories of occupational diseases or compensable work-related diseases. In the lists of occupational diseases in European countries, Australia, Japan, South Korea and other countries, the inclusion of WMSDs in the occupational disease classifications, related diagnostic items and included diseases is not inconsistent. Individual countries assign WMSDs based on a causal relationship between work-related exposures and musculoskeletal disorders. Assessing the relationship between occupational risk and diseases involves two issues: the extent to which a disease can be attributed to an occupational risk, and the extent to which claimants with such occupational risk can demonstrate its existence. Compensation for WMSDs mainly includes three types: medical care expenses incurred during workers′ medical treatment, wage losses during worker′s absence from work due to the diseases(temporary and permanent), and benefits for family members whose death due to occupational diseases. Compensation is mainly paid in the form of daily allowance, retirement pension, disability pension, funeral expenses, survivor′s pension, and others, which varies from country to country. At present, our country has planned to include WMSDs in the categories of occupational diseases. It is suggested that the WMSDs diagnosis/identification and compensation standards should be formulated based on the actual situation of our country and the experience of relevant countries and regions in the world, so as to do a good job in the identification, prevention and control of WMSDs and ensure the occupational health of workers.
作者
姜萍
何丽华
JIANG Ping;HE Li-hua(Department of Occupational and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第5期557-565,共9页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
军委科技委基础加强计划技术领域基金(2020JCJQ-JJ238)
军委后勤保障部综合计划局重点项目(BZZ18J004)。
关键词
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患
职业病
工作相关疾病
认定
赔偿
标准
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Occupational disease
Work-related disorders
Identify
Compensation
Standard
