摘要
奶牛围产期是指分娩前后各21 d内的时期,奶牛在分娩前后,其生理机能和代谢反应也发生巨大改变,围产期管理水平不仅影响母牛体况,还影响犊牛健康。当饲养管理水平较低时,奶牛产前容易发生内分泌紊乱,而分娩中的过度体能消耗也会加剧奶牛的应激反应和疼痛感,造成生殖器官恢复不佳,泌乳量下降,还会继发酮病、产乳热或乳房炎等疾病,进而影响奶牛产后健康和再次分娩。犊牛也会因初乳吸吮不足造成免疫力下降,胃肠功能紊乱等问题。本文首先介绍了围产期奶牛的营养、代谢和组织器官发育特点,并从日粮搭配、环境管理、运动管理、疾病预防四个方面提出建议,为奶牛围产期科学管理提供参考。
The perinatal period of dairy cows refers to the period within 21 days before and after delivery. Before and after delivery,the physiological function and metabolic response of dairy cows have also changed greatly. The level of perinatal management not only affects the body condition of cows,but also affects the health of calves. When the level of feeding and management is low,cows are prone to endocrine disorders before delivery,and excessive physical consumption during delivery will also aggravate the stress response and pain of cows,resulting in poor recovery of reproductive organs,decreased lactation,and secondary diseases such as ketosis, milk fever or mastitis,which will affect the health of cows after delivery and subsequent delivery. Calves will also suffer from problems such as decreased immunity and gastrointestinal dysfunction due to insufficient colostrum sucking. Firstly,this paper introduced the characteristics of nutrition,metabolism and tissue and organ development of perinatal dairy cows,and put forward suggestions from four aspects:diet matching,environmental management,cluster management and disease prevention,so as to provide reference for the scientific management of dairy cows in perinatal period.
作者
韩萨茹拉
Hansarula(Hulunbuir Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Hulunbuir,Inner Mongolia 021008)
出处
《中国乳业》
2022年第4期39-42,共4页
China Dairy
关键词
奶牛围产期
日粮搭配
环境管理
分群管理
疾病预防
cow perinatal period
ration matching
environmental management
cluster management
disease prevention
