摘要
太阳能无人机机动过程常导致机翼表面光伏阵列所受辐照发生大幅快速变化,给光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪控制方法带来了新的挑战。提出了一种跟踪过程快速稳定无振荡的自适应扰动步长增量电导法。首先,根据“蒲公英IB”无人机的太阳翼布局,建立了光伏电池阵列模型,分析其输出特性曲线;其次,介绍了传统增量电导法的原理及优缺点;然后,针对传统增量电导法在光照大幅度变化条件下动态性能较差的缺点,通过对前三步电压之间的比较,制定扰动步长调节准则,提出自适应扰动步长增量电导法,以达到快速稳定地追踪到最大功率点的效果,从而适应飞行器姿态动态变化时辐照条件的变化;最后,设计了稳定辐照和大幅度变化辐照两种任务工况,对所提方法进行仿真与试验分析,并与传统增量电导法进行对比分析。结果表明,仿真与试验结果在两种不同的工况下,结果基本保持一致。相比于传统增量电导法,所提自适应扰动步长增量电导法在大幅度辐照扰动时可以快速跟踪到光伏阵列的最大功率点,并且可以明显改善稳态时的功率振荡现象,跟踪速度最大可提升50%,最终追踪效率可提升约3%。所提出的适用于太阳能无人机光伏发电系统的自适应扰动步长增量电导法能够快速稳定跟踪到最大功率点,对辐照变化的适应能力具有明显优势,具有良好的有效性、实时性和工程实用性,可为太阳能无人机高能效飞行提供有力支撑。
During the maneuvering process of solar UAV, the irradiation of photovoltaic array on the wing surface often changes greatly and rapidly, which brings new challenges to the maximum power point tracking control method of photovoltaic array. To solve this problem, an adaptive disturbance step incremental conductance method with fast and stable tracking process and no oscillation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the solar wing layout of "Dandelion IB" UAV, the photovoltaic cell array model is established and its output characteristic curve is analyzed. Secondly,the principle, advantages and disadvantages of the traditional incremental conductance method are introduced. Then,aiming at the disadvantage of poor dynamic performance of the traditional incremental conductance method under the condition of large variation of illumination, through the comparison of the first three steps of voltage, the adjustment criterion of disturbance step is formulated, and the adaptive disturbance step incremental conductance method is proposed to achieve the effect of fast and stable tracking to the maximum power point, so as to adapt to the changes of irradiation conditions when the aircraft attitude changes dynamically. Finally, two mission conditions of stable irradiation and large-scale change irradiation are designed. The proposed method is simulated and experimentally analyzed, and compared with the traditional incremental conductance method. The results show that the simulation and test results are basically consistent under two different working conditions. Compared with the traditional incremental conductance method, the proposed adaptive disturbance step incremental conductance method can quickly track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array during large-scale irradiation disturbance, and can significantly improve the power oscillation phenomenon in the steady state. The maximum tracking speed can be increased by 50%, and the final tracking efficiency can be increased by about 3%. The adaptive distu
作者
王正培
张晓辉
张江浩
郑好银
刘莉
WANG Zhengpei;ZHANG Xiaohui;ZHANG Jianghao;ZHENG Haoyin;LIU Li(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《无人系统技术》
2022年第2期93-105,共13页
Unmanned Systems Technology
基金
航空科学基金(2020Z005072001)。
关键词
太阳能无人机
光伏发电系统
输出功率曲线
最大功率点追踪
增量电导法
自适应扰动步长增量电导法
Solar UAV
Photovoltaic Power Generation System
Output Power Curve
Maximum Power Point Tracking
Incremental Conductance Method
Adaptive Disturbance Step Incremental Conductance Method
