摘要
我国在民间文学艺术作品的著作权保护理论上存在误区。绝对保护论照搬一些发展中国家的理论,主张对民间文学艺术作品给予较强的全面保护,与著作权理论存在冲突,不适合中国国情。否定版权保护论照搬一些发达国家的理论,否定用版权法保护民间文学艺术作品的可能性,其理论上的僵化不利于保护我国的传统文化。我国应采“相对保护论”,即在遵循著作权法基本原理的基础上,借鉴国际公约的相关规定,结合中国国情,适当确定民间文学艺术作品的著作权保护规则。应合理界定民间文学艺术作品的内涵和外延,反对将一切与民间文学艺术相关的对象都纳入保护范围;应将社群中创作民间文学艺术作品的自然人成员界定为作者并作为著作权原始主体,民间文学艺术作品来源地的社群根据习惯法成为著作财产权的继受主体;应区分精神权利和财产权利两方面的内容;应合理处理著作权保护与公有领域保护之间的关系,确定适当的著作权保护期限;应结合民间传统习惯及现有制度合理确定民间文学艺术作品的著作权限制规则;应根据国民待遇原则处理好其他国家的民间文学艺术作品的著作权保护问题。
There are misunderstandings in the theories of copyright protection of folklore in China. The theory of absolute protection imitates the theories of some developing countries and advocates comprehensive protection of folklore, which is in conflict with the theory of copyright and not suitable for situations of China. The negation theory of copyright protection imitates the theories of some developed countries and denies the possibility of protecting folklore by copyright law. The rigidity of this theory is detrimental to protecting Chinese traditional culture. China should adopt the “relative protection theory”, namely, it should properly determine the copyright protection rules of folklore by following the basic principles of copyright Law, drawing on the relevant provisions of international conventions and taking into consideration of its own national conditions. China should reasonably define the connotation and denotation of folklore and not put all objects related to folklore into the scope of protection. The unknown persons who have created the folklore in the community should be deemed as the authors and the original subjects of copyright, while the community from which the folklore comes becomes the successor of the property right according to the customary law. Moral rights and property rights on the folklore need to be distinguished, and the relationship between copyright and public domain needs also to be considered. Proper period of and restrictions on copyright protection of folklore need to be determined reasonably in light of traditional folk habits and existing systems. And at last, the folklore from other countries should be protected in accordance with the principle of national treatment.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期131-153,共23页
Chinese Journal of Law
