摘要
美国哥伦比亚大学藏初唐S4426号造像碑,雕刻着已知初唐时期内容最丰富的地藏菩萨像,并与释迦佛涅槃像组成罕见搭配,是研究早期地藏菩萨图像和信仰的关键材料。本文采用图像学方法分析碑像造型特征、人物尊格和组合关系,阐明碑阴中部释迦佛涅槃像细节表现,认为右侧龛抚摸佛头女子应为佛母摩耶夫人,左侧龛雕刻释迦佛出棺图像。继而理清碑阴上部尊像题材,认为并非观世音菩萨及其化身表现,而是地藏菩萨及其化身像内容。哥大藏碑释迦佛说法、涅槃,地藏菩萨及其化身,弥勒佛说法像,布局规整,形成严密的组合关系。在释迦佛涅槃后的无佛时代、五浊恶世,地藏菩萨示现多种化身,随类救度轮回众生,直至弥勒下生成佛,这应是碑像组合表达的主要思想。
The early Tang S4426 Buddhist stele collected in Columbia University plays a vital role in the research of early Ksitigarbha image and belief for the most informative Ksitigarbha statue and rare combination with the image of Sakyamuni’s nirvana.The author makes an iconographic analysis of shape feature,modeling of characters and image combination of the stele.Especially,the details of nirvana image in the middle of the back of the stele are illustrated.The woman touching Sakyamuni’s head in the right niche should be his mother Mahamaya,while the image of Sakyamuni coming out of cofn was engraved in the left niche.Furthermore,the subject of statues on upper part of the back of stele should not be Avalokitesvara and its incarnations but the Ksitigarbha and its incarnation.The images of Sakyamuni’s preaching and nirvana,Ksitigarbha and its incarnations,and preaching of Maitreya in this stele were arranged orderly.In the era without Buddha after Sakyamuni’s nirvana,Ksitigarbha was manifesting various incarnations to save all beings in the samsara until Maitreya became Buddha on the earth after his death.This should be the theme of the statue combination in the stele.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期61-70,共10页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
地藏菩萨像
涅槃图像
高王观世音经
初唐造像碑
哥伦比亚大学藏佛造像
Statue of Ksitigarbha
image of nirvana
Gaowang Avalokitesvara Sutra
statue stele of early Tang dynasty
Buddhist statues collected in Columbia University
