摘要
随着机器人技术的发展和应用,工业企业对高技能劳动展现出了前所未有的需求。将高技能劳动和工业机器人纳入同一研究框架,讨论二者对地区工业集聚程度的影响,理论分析和实证检验结果表明:(1)工业机器人通过塑造技术比较优势促进中国工业地理集聚;(2)高技能劳动集聚通过发挥马歇尔外部性和促进企业竞争推动区域工业集聚;(3)基于工业机器人与高技能劳动的互补效应,地区工业机器人渗透水平越高,高技能劳动集聚对工业集聚的促进作用越强。在异质性检验中,工业机器人与高技能劳动交互带来的工业集聚作用更多发生在技术制造业密集地区、高学历地区和老龄化地区,而地区财政干预一定程度上抑制了二者交互的工业集聚效应。进一步门槛检验结果显示,二者对工业集聚的交互效应在2012年前后存在较大的异质性,使高技能劳动集聚对工业集聚的影响存在关于工业机器人渗透程度的显著门槛特征。为此,建议更多关注智能技术与高技能劳动的互补关系,在技术上鼓励开发“人机交互”的协作机器人,在教育上扩张人工智能、机器学习等专业的招生规模。
With the development and application of robot technology,industrial enterprises show an unprecedented demand for high-skilled labor.Through theoretical analysis and empirical test,this paper finds that:industrial robots promote China s industrial geographic agglomeration by shaping factor comparative advantage and technology comparative advantage;High-skilled labor agglomeration promote regional industrial agglomeration by improving Marshall externality and competition among enterprises;Due to the complementary relationship between industrial robots and high-skilled labor,the higher the application level of regional industrial robots,the stronger the promotion effect of high-skilled labor agglomeration on industrial agglomeration.Through the heterogeneity test,this paper finds that the industrial agglomeration effect brought by the interaction between robots and high-skilled agglomeration occurs more in the technology manufacturing intensive areas,highly educated areas and aging areas,and to a certain extent,the regional government intervention inhibits the agglomeration effect above.In the further threshold test,it is found that the interaction effect on industrial agglomeration has a large heterogeneity before and after 2012,which makes the impact of high-skilled labor agglomeration on industrial agglomeration have a significant threshold feature about the application level of industrial robots.Therefore,this paper suggests that we should pay more attention to the complementary relationship between intelligent technology and high skilled labor,encourage the development of“human-computer interaction”cooperative robots,and expand the enrollment scale of majors as artificial intelligence,machine learning and other majors.
作者
魏嘉辉
顾乃华
WEI Jia-hui;GU Nai-hua
出处
《产经评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期146-160,共15页
Industrial Economic Review
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“粤港澳大湾区产业融合发展的机制与政策研究”(批准号:19ZDA079,主持人:顾乃华)。
关键词
高技能劳动
工业机器人
工业集聚
互补效应
比较优势
high-skilled agglomeration
industrial robot
industrial agglomeration
complementary effect
comparative advantage
