摘要
探讨工作记忆负荷、任务无关刺激的情绪效价和年龄对工作记忆的影响。研究设置了1-back和2-back两种工作记忆负荷,开心、愤怒和中性面孔作为刺激背景呈现,要求被试忽略情绪面孔,仅对数字进行记忆更新判断。研究结果表明,在正确率上存在年龄、工作记忆负荷、情绪效价的三重交互作用,2-back条件下老年人的正确率显著低于青年人。低工作记忆负荷下,个体的工作记忆表现不受无关刺激情绪效价的影响,在高工作记忆负荷下,青年被试在负性无关刺激条件下正确率最低,其次是中性刺激,积极无关刺激的干扰最小;老年被试在负性和中性无关刺激条件下的正确率均显著低于积极无关刺激条件。该结果支持了工作记忆负荷和任务无关刺激情绪效价的交互对不同年龄个体工作记忆成绩的影响,在高工作记忆负荷下,消极无关刺激的干扰效应显著高于积极无关刺激。
To explore the influences of working memory load,the emotional valence of task indifferent stimulus,and age on working memory,two kinds of working memory load,1-back and 2-back,are given to the subjects.They are required to ignore the emotions on the faces,namely happiness,anger,and neutrality,and only remember,renew,and judge the numbers.The results show a triple interaction of age,working memory load,and emotional valence,and in the 2-back condition,the accuracy of the seniors is eminently lower than that of the young.With a low working memory load,an individual’s working memory performance is free from the influence of the emotional valence of task indifferent stimulus.With a high working memory load,the accuracy of young subjects is the lowest under negative indifferent stimuli,followed by neutral stimuli,and the highest under positive indifferent stimuli;the accuracies of old subjects under negative and neutral indifferent stimuli are remarkably lower than their accuracy under positive indifferent stimuli.The result supports that the interaction between working memory load and the emotional valence of task indifferent stimulus impacts the working memory achievement of individuals of different ages;with a high working memory load,the interference effect of negative indifferent stimuli is eminently higher than that of positive indifferent stimuli.
作者
李旭
丁琳洁
孙晓军
LI Xu;DING Linjie;SUN Xiaojun
出处
《江汉大学学报（社会科学版）》
2022年第2期105-115,128,共12页
Journal of Jianghan University(Social Science Edition)
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“老年人工作记忆可塑性的认知神经机制研究:以注意焦点为例”(17YJC190014)。
关键词
工作记忆
情绪效价
工作记忆负荷
任务无关刺激
working memory
emotional valence
load of working memory
task indifferent stimulus
