摘要
塔尔德是一位被遗忘的社会学和传播学先驱,他在19、20世纪之交提出的社会模仿观成为后来传播学诸多基础理论的源头。作为逻辑哲学,模仿律的研究目的不仅是了解社会的发展本质及规律,更要成为社会现象的解释依据。塔尔德在晚期研究中,将视野从模仿理论转向传媒与舆论的现实考察,以“公众与群众”“舆论与集群”为主题,完成了人类社会科学史上第一部有关舆论研究的专著。然而,今天传播主流学术史对塔尔德的相关叙事仅停留于“模仿”这一群体心理传播的现象表述层面,缺乏对社会模仿观的系统把握,更忽视了其对社会现实的指导性和预判性价值。基于此,论文重新爬梳塔尔德传播思想的理论脉络,试图以模仿律为哲学基础考察公众舆论的形成及发展演变,搭建社会模仿理论与公众舆论研究之间的二元关联。塔尔德开创了将交流/传播与民主政治相勾连的研究传统,他所强调的交往互动成为社会有机体的理论内核,库利的社会过程、杜威的大共同体、哈贝马斯的协商民主皆承袭于此。
Tarde was a forgotten pioneer of sociology and communication. The social imitation concept he put forward at the turn of the 19 th and 20 th centuries became the theoretical source of many basic concepts of communication. As a philosophy of logic, the research purpose of the law of imitation is not only to understand the nature and laws of social development, but also to become the basis for explaining social phenomena. In his later studies, Tarde shifted his vision from the theory of imitation to the reality of media and public opinion. With the themes of "public and mass" and "public opinion and clusters", he completed the first monograph on public opinion research in the history of human social sciences. However, the narrative of Tarde in the mainstream academic history of communication today only stays at the expression level of the phenomenon of "imitation", a group psychological communication, and lacks a systematic grasp of the concept of social imitation. It ignores the guiding and predictive nature of the law of imitation to social reality.Based on this, the article re-crawls the theoretical context of Tarde’s communication thoughts, attempts to use the law of imitation as the social philosophical basis to investigate the formation and development of public opinion, and build a dual connection between social imitation theory and public opinion research. Tarde pioneered a research tradition that links communication with democratic politics. The communication and interaction he emphasized has become the theoretical core of social organisms, Cooley’s social process, Dewey’s large community, and Habermas’ s deliberative democracy is inherited here.
作者
李萌
陈康
Li Meng;Chen Kang(School of Journalism and Communication,Chongqing University)
出处
《新闻界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期58-69,共12页
Journalism and Mass Communication
基金
重庆大学新闻学院2021研究生科研创新项目“人机传播中的交互关系及其实践研究”(2021CDSKXYXW008B)。
关键词
塔尔德
逻辑哲学
模仿律
舆论
交往互动
Tarde
Logic Philosophy
Law of Imitation
Public Opinion
Communication and Interaction
