摘要
据迄今掌握的史料,1909年12月汨《大公报》社论《现政府与责任内阁》最早使用“舆论监督”新名词表达出“运用舆论监督政府机关”的观念,民国时期,“舆论监督”观念发生了资产阶级和无产阶级的分野。资产阶级使用“舆论监督”表达出“运用舆论手段对国家机关、国家机关工作人员进行监督”的观念:而无产阶级使用“舆论监督”则表达出“通过群众舆论对坏人坏事或不良社会现象开展批评进行监督”的意涵。新中国成立后,特别是改革开放以来,随着中国现代化民主政治建设,“舆论监督”一词逐渐超过“报纸批评”呈上升趋势,并于1987年至今岀现在历次党的全国代表大会报告中,成为当代中国最重要的政治和学术关键词之一。总之,近现代中国“舆论监督”观念的历史演变过程,不仅是“舆论监督”从新名词到关键词的发展过程,而且是“舆论监督”和“报纸批评”一词在报刊上此消彼长的过程,更是中国特色舆论监督观念的形成及其制度建设过程。
According to the best available materials,the editorial of Ta Kung Pao on December 8,1909 titled"Current government and responsible cabinet",was the first to use the new term"public opinion supervision"to express the concept of"supervising government organs by public opinion".The concept of"public opinion supervision"has led to the division between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in the period of the Republic of China.The bourgeoisie used"public opinion supervision"to express the concept of"using public opinion to supervise state organs and staff members of government offices",while the proletariat's use of"public opinion supervision"expresses the meaning of"supervising the criticism of bad people,bad things,or bad social phenomena through public opinion."Since the founding of the PRC,especially after the reform and opening-up,with the construction of China's modern democracy,the term"public opinion supervision"has gradually surpassed the term"newspaper criticism"and shows an upward trend.Morever,It has appeared in the reports of the National Congress of the Party since 1987 and has become one of the most important political and academic keywords in con temporary China.In a word,The historical evolution of the concept of"public opinion supervision"in modern China,is not only the development of"public opinion supervision"from new terms to key words,but also the shift process of"public opinion supervision"and"newspaper criticism"in newspapers and periodicals,furthermore.It is also the formation and system construction process of the concept of public opinion supervision with Chinese characteristics.
出处
《新闻大学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期55-72,123,124,共20页
Journalism Research
基金
2019年国家社科基金一般项目“新闻舆论工作的党性原则及其实践研究”（19BXW001）
关键词
舆论监督
报纸批评
历史演变
public opinion supervision
newspaper criticism
historical evolution
