摘要
《"区域"内矿物资源开发规章》(《开发规章》)作为国际海底商业开发的前瞻性规则,其中关于开发后的收益分配的规定是国际社会关切的事项之一。在国际经济新秩序的影响下,国际社会普遍接受了海底矿物资源"人类共同继承财产"的法律地位,但对《开发规章》应如何分配"区域"开发所获得的收益仍然存在分歧。《公约》与《执行协定》均要求国际海底管理局公平分配"区域"内所获利益,但在国际海底管理局目前的《开发规章》草案文本中,关于收益分配的具体执行方案仍然存在空白,利益攸关方也莫衷一是。收益分配机制的实施一方面需要国际海底管理局建立承包者缴费制度,鼓励承包者参与开发并且公平对待承包者与国际海底管理局双方;另一方面需要国际海底管理局综合考虑各国的政治、经济、地理等因素制定公平分享标准。总体而言,收益分配机制在《开发规章》中的构建与执行需要发挥国际海底管理局的核心作用,平衡承包者、国际海底管理局、担保国的利益,以适应目前深海采矿国际秩序的需要。
While the Regulations of the Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area( “Exploitation Regulations”) are forward-looking set of rules for the international seabed commercial exploitation,in which regulations on the distribution of revenues after development are becoming a matter of the concerns for the international community.Under the influence of new economic order,the international community has generally accepted the legal status of seabed mineral resources as the “common heritage of mankind”,but there are still differences on how to allocate the revenues after the exploitation of the Area.Both the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1994 Implementation Agreement authorize the International Seabed Authority to formulate an equitable sharing mechanism for the deep sea mining,but in the current Draft Exploitation Regulations,there are still gaps in the specific implementation plan for the distribution of revenues;at the same time,the stakeholders are also at odds.On the one hand,the implementation of the revenue distribution mechanism requires the International Seabed Authority to establish a payment regime for contractors,encouraging contractors to participate in the exploitation and treating both private contractors and the International Seabed Authority fairly.On the other hand,the International Seabed Authority needs to comprehensively consider the political,economic,and geographical aspects and other factors of each country to establish equitable sharing standards.In general,the construction and implementation of the revenue distribution mechanism in the Exploitation Regulations need to highlight the central role of the International Seabed Authority,balancing the interests of contractors,the International Seabed Authority and the sponsoring states and working for the ultimate benefit sharing in order to adapt to the needs of the current international order of deep sea mining.
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
2022年第1期117-130,共14页
Journal of International Economic Law
基金
2020年国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“新时代海洋强国建设”(批准号:20VHQ014)阶段性研究成果。
关键词
国际经济新秩序
国际海底区域
国际海底管理局
收益分配
利益平衡
International New Economic Order
International Seabed Area
International Seabed Authority
Revenue Distribution
Balance of Interests
