摘要
准确识别建筑施工安全风险的主要影响因素,分析其作用机理,构建影响因素体系,对于建筑施工风险管理极其重要。分析安全事故直接和间接原因,筛选出14个主要风险因素,利用MATLAB计算邻接矩阵、可达矩阵,构建解释结构模型(ISM)及递阶结构图,结合交叉影响矩阵相乘法(MICMAC)将影响因素划分为L_(i)(i=1~6)6个层级及自治簇、独立簇、依赖簇3类。将ISM模型、MICMAC方法用于案例计算,验证其可行性。结果表明:人的行为和设施设备安全状态的驱动力较低,依赖性较强;管理制度、安全检查、监管部门的驱动力较强,依赖性较低;人的行为、设施设备安全状态是导致施工安全风险的重要原因;管理制度、安全检查、监管部门是构成建筑施工安全风险的最根本和关键的因素。
It is especially important to accurately identify the main factors that influence construction safety, analyze the working mechanism, and construct the system of influential factors in construction risk management. Firstly, this study screened out 14 main factors of construction risk and formed 6 levels of risk, like personnel factor, mechanical factor, environmental factor, management factor, and other factors based on analysis of direct and indirect causes of construction safety accidents. Secondly, this study also calculated the adjacency matrix and reachable matrix of construction safety risk factors and judged the relationship of the matrixes by use of MATLAB software. The study constructed an Interpretation Structure Model(ISM) and a hierarchical structure diagram to determine the hierarchical relationship among the influential factors and classified the influential factors according to the dependence and driving force using Matrix Impacts Cross-reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification(MICMAC). Finally, the study calculated a case using the established ISM model and MICMAC method to verify the feasibility of the application. The results show that the influential factors of the construction safety risk are divided into 6 levels(L_(i), i = 1-6) and the importance increases accordingly. Based on the dependence and driving force, the influential factors were divided into three categories: autonomous cluster, independent cluster, and dependent cluster. Human behavior and the safe state of facilities and equipment were at the level of L_(1) in the ISM model, with the low driving force and strong dependence, belonging to a dependent cluster. Management system, safety inspection, supervision, and management departments were at the level of L_(6) in the ISM model, with a potent driving force and low dependence, belonging to an independent cluster. It is concluded that human behavior and the safe state of facilities and equipment are important causes of construction safety risks. Management systems, safet
作者
李明柱
王文东
张智超
LI Ming-zhu;WANG Wen-dong;ZHANG Zhi-chao(School of Economics and Management,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China;School of Emergency Science and Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期22-28,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
2018年安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目(jilin-0044-2018AQ)。
