摘要
自创立以来,美国国家科学基金委员会(NSF)和中国国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)在两国科技事业发展和科技体制变革中发挥了重要作用。NSF和NSFC分别成立于市场体制和计划体制之下,对二者的创立过程进行比较研究发现,一方面,NSF和NSFC都创生于两国科研体制转型的关键阶段,是政府支持科学的制度探索;另一方面,二者在政策提议的主体、希望解决的问题以及共识塑造中的结盟和争论等方面存在差异,是两国深层社会结构的折射。总的来说,NSF和NSFC的成立分别表现出“理念先行”和“实践先行”的特点,各自在市场体制和计划体制下构建了国家支持科学的新途径,深刻地改变了政府与科学的关系。“政府如何支持科学”这一命题不仅是NSF和NSFC创立过程中的核心问题,也是当前各国发展面临的重要问题,并表现出新的内涵和特征。面对科学这一没有止境的前沿,中国要强化国家战略科技力量,需要社会各界在理论和实践中共同探索这一问题的答案。
Since their establishment,the National Science Foundation of the United States(NSF)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)have played an important role in the development of science and technology and the reform of science and technology system in the two countries.NSF and NSFC were established under the market system and the planning system respectively.A comparative study of their founding processes shows that,on the one hand,both NSF and NSFC were created in the key stage of the scientific research system transformation of the two countries,which were the institutional exploration of government support for science.On the other hand,there are differences in the subject of policy proposals,the problems to be solved,and the alliance and debate in consensus shaping,which reflects the deep social structure of the two countries.In general,the establishment of NSF and NSFC shows the characteristics of"idea first"and"practice first"respectively and constructs a new way of national support for science under the market system and the planning system,which profoundly changes the relationship between the government and science."How the government supports science"is not only the core issue in the establishment process of NSF and NSFC,but also an important issue facing the development of all countries,which show the new connotation and characteristic.In the face of the endless frontier of science,to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength,China needs all sectors of society to jointly explore the answer to this question in both theory and practice.
作者
武晨箫
李正风
WU Chen-xiao;LI Zheng-feng(Department of Philosophy,Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C(National Academy of Governance),Beijing 100091,China;School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;CASAD-Tsinghua University Research Center for Synergetic-Development of Science and Society,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期193-202,共10页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(L1924084)
清华大学自主科研项目(20191080563)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA017)。
关键词
NSF
NSFC
创立历程
科学基金制
科技政策
National Science Foundation
National Natural Science Foundation of China
establishment process
science fund system
science and technology policy
