摘要
为了研究生态缓冲带对重金属扩散的控制效果,于2020年6—11月在云南省兰坪县兔子山矿段磨面河河岸带构建灌/草套种模式生态缓冲带开展原位试验,研究8种灌-草模式生态缓冲带植被生长状况、植物重金属累积特征、水土流失及重金属扩散特征。结果表明:泥沙是Cd、Pb和As迁移的主要载体。在生态缓冲带植被恢复初期,草本植物盖度超过85%时,提高植被盖度能有效消减污染扩散。11月径流中泥沙、Cd、Pb和As平均浓度较7月分别降低58%、46%、41%和40%。灌/草套种模式水土流失量和重金属流出量较草本植物单作模式更低。PCA分析表明,8种模式中黑麦草/杜鹃模式水土流失和Cd、Pb、As流出得分最低。研究表明,灌/草套种模式生态缓冲带能有效减少采矿废弃地重金属扩散,推荐采用黑麦草/杜鹃套种模式生态缓冲带作为Pb-Zn矿采矿废弃地沟渠河岸带污染物消减措施。
To study the reduction of heavy metal diffusion through the creation of ecological buffer zones,field experiments were conducted with different shrub/grass ecological buffer patterns on the riverbank at the section of the Rabbit Mountain Mine in Lanping County,Yunnan Province,from June to November 2020.Vegetation growth conditions,heavy metal accumulation in plants,soil erosion,and heavy metal diffusion were measured in eight different shrub/grass patterns.The results showed that Cd,Pb,and As losses were caused mainly by sedimentation.The coverage of herbaceous plants accounted for more than 85%of the initial vegetation restored in the ecological buffer zones,and this was effective at reducing heavy metal diffusion.The losses of sediment,Cd,Pb,and As from surface runoff in November were 58%,46%,41%,and 40%lower,respectively,than those in July.The levels of soil erosion and heavy metal diffusion in the shrub/grass patterns were lower than those in patterns with a single plant type.PCA analysis showed that of the eight patterns,the Lolium perenne/Rhododendron simsii combination exhibited the lowest level of soil erosion and Cd,Pb,and As diffusion scores.The results indicated that shrub/grass ecological buffer patterns effectively reduced heavy metal diffusion in the riverbank near the mine.The construction of an L.perenne/R.simsii ecological buffer pattern is recommended as a pollutant control measure for riverbanks in catchments where Pb-Zn mine waste catchments.
作者
邓江堤
张灿
李宇
李博
祖艳群
李元
陈建军
张洲
DENG Jiangdi;ZHANG Can;LI Yu;LI Bo;ZU Yanqun;LI Yuan;CHEN Jianjun;ZHANG Zhou(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期325-335,共11页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
云南省重点研发计划项目(2019BC001-04)。
关键词
采矿废弃地
生态缓冲带
侵蚀
重金属
植物
mining wasteland
ecological buffer zone
erosion
heavy metal
plant
