摘要
人工堆垫地貌由城镇、工矿建设中松散易侵蚀的弃土、弃渣堆垫而成,全世界每年数百亿立方米的堆积物压占大量土地并造成严重的岩土侵蚀。微地形改造可调控地表径流,有效控制水土流失,改善地表微生境。鉴于此,本文阐述了人工堆垫地貌岩土侵蚀特征;对梯田、水平阶、水平沟、鱼鳞坑、挡水埂等微地形改造方法的国内外研究进展进行了系统梳理和总结,对比分析不同微地形改造方法的适用范围、优缺点;探讨了不同微地形整地措施的减流减沙、蓄水保肥、植被恢复等方面的水土保持效果;并指出当前人工堆垫地貌微地形改造方法、整地措施组合应用等方面存在的问题,同时提出了堆垫地貌径流侵蚀机理、水文学原理研究发展方向,以期为人工堆垫地貌岩土侵蚀治理、生态脆弱区水土保持提供新思路。
Artificially piled landform is accumulated of the spoil resulted from the urban construction and mining activities. Tens of billions of cubic meters of spoils are made globally every year, which occupy a large amount of lands and lead to severe soil and rock erosion. Micro-topography modification can effectively regulate surface runoff, control soil erosion, and improve surface micro-habitat. Here, we reviewed the erosion characteristics of artificially piled landform, summarized recent progress in the research of the micro-topography modification methods, i.e., terrace, level bench, level trench, fish-scale pit and waterproof ridge. The applicable field, advantages and disadvantages of different micro-topography modification methods were figured out, and the effects of different micro-topography strategies on sediment reduction, water and nutrient storage, and vegetation restoration were discussed. Furthermore, this review uncovered the problems in the methods of micro-topography modification and combined application of land preparation measures, and put forward the future research direction of runoff erosion mechanism and hydrological principles. This review provides a reference for the soil and water conservation of artificially piled landforms.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期569-579,共11页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201411007-4)资助
关键词
人工堆垫地貌
岩土侵蚀
微地形改造方法
水土保持
artificially piled landform
rock and soil erosion
micro-landform modificationmethods
soil and water conservation
