摘要
目的了解中国5省小学生健康状况、健康知识、健康行为情况,为开展小学生健康教育提供依据。方法2017年6—11月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在浙江、广东、江西、四川、贵州5省选取1103名小学生进行健康状况、健康知识、健康行为的问卷调查。结果中国5省小学生超重/肥胖率为25.3%,视力不良率为26.5%,龋齿发生率为45.7%。小学生对健康概念、正确的洗手方式、用眼健康、吸烟危害、艾滋病传播途径、肺结核传播途径、流感预防、饮水健康、每天食盐摄入量、预防肥胖措施、合理膳食、游泳安全、火灾逃生、被狗咬伤处理、紧急医疗求助电话、食品安全保质期等健康知识知晓率分别为74.6%、42.2%、84.0%、76.6%、56.9%、71.8%、87.3%、97.3%、63.8%、94.3%、85.1%、93.9%、63.6%、96.1%、91.9%、81.0%。分别有59.3%、21.7%、12.5%、81.5%、81.8%、86.7%、60.7%、2.5%、9.5%、11.3%、22.4%、69.8%的小学生每天作业时间<1 h、每天2 h以上的活动、每天睡眠时间>10 h、每天看电视、上网时间<1 h、每天早晚刷牙各2次、每天早上吃早饭、不喝含糖类饮料、有尝试吸烟经历、有饮酒经历、6个月内有自我伤害、6个月内有他人伤害、知道自己的体检结果。结论小学生龋齿、视力不良、超重肥胖问题突出,健康知识认知较低,睡眠时间和日常活动时间不足,不健康行为发生率较高,应加强小学生健康教育。
Objective To explore the health status,health knowledge,health behavior of primary school students in China,to provide evidence for carrying out health education for primary school students.Methods By using stratified random cluster sampling method,from June to November in 2017,1103 primary school students were selected from Zhejiang,Guangdong,Jiangxi,Sichuan and Guizhou provinceto conduct a questionnaire survey.Results The rate of overweight/obesity,poor eyesight and dental caries in primary school students in China were 25.3%,26.5%,45.7%respectively.The rate of concept of health,correct hand washing,eye health,smoking hazards,AIDS transmission route,tuberculosis transmission route,influenza prevention,health drinking water,daily salt intake,obesity prevention measures,reasonable diet,swimming safety,fire escape,bite treatment,emergency call,food safety shelf life and other health knowledge were 74.6%、42.2%、84.0%、76.6%、56.9%、71.8%、87.3%、97.3%、63.8%、94.3%、85.1%、93.9%、63.6%、96.1%、91.9%、81.0%respectively.Respectively,59.3%、21.7%、12.5%、81.5%、81.8%、86.7%、60.7%、2.5%、9.5%、11.3%、22.4%、69.8%students had daily homework less than 1 h,more than 2 h activities per day,sleep time per day>10 h,watching TV every day,internet time<1 h,brushing the teeth twice a day in the morning and night,eating breakfast every morning,avoiding sugary drinks,had smoking experience,had drinking experience,had a self-injury within 6 months,had others hurt within 6 months,knowing the medical results.Conclusion Primary school students had dental caries,poor eyesight,overweight and obesity problems,the health knowledge was low,sleeping time and daily activity time were insufficient,the incidence of unhealthy behaviors was high.Health education for primary school students should be strengthened.
作者
刘志浩
吕书红
刘志业
LIU Zhi-hao;LÜShu-hong;LIU Zhi-ye(Institute for Health Education,Jiangsu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing 210009,China)
出处
《中国健康教育》
北大核心
2021年第12期1101-1105,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
基金
国家卫生计生委2017年财政项目(中小学校健康教育和健康促进现状调查研究)。
关键词
小学生
健康状况
健康知识
健康行为
横断面研究
Adolescent
Health status
Health knowledge
Health behavior
Cross sectional study
