摘要
生物识别信息是用于自动身份鉴别、状态分析与属性估计的人体生理和行为特征信息,具有唯一性、稳定性、易收集性与公利性的特征。非法获取、提供与使用生物识别信息可能构成对他人人格权益、财产权益、公共秩序甚至国家利益的侵害。现行刑法与司法解释从个人信息犯罪“产业链”的源头与尾端对个人信息提供了相对完整的刑法保护,但无法实现对生物识别信息的特别保护。应当坚持以人格权益为中心、以预防为导向的立场完善对生物识别信息的刑法特别保护。在个人信息犯罪“产业链”的源头,将生物识别信息在个人信息分类分级中明确定位为“敏感个人信息”,并将相关侵犯行为的起刑点设定为50条;在个人信息犯罪“产业链”的尾端,将非法使用生物识别信息行为纳入侵犯公民个人信息罪的规制范围;在个人信息犯罪“产业链”的中间环节,将对生物识别信息的非法“持有”行为纳入侵犯公民个人信息罪的规制范围,以实现对非法留存行为的有效规制。
Biometric information is human body’s physiological and behavioral information used for automatic identification,state analysis,and attribute estimation.It has the characteristics of uniqueness,stability,easy collection,and public interest.Illegal acquisition,provision,and use of biometric information may constitute an infringement on the personality rights,and property rights of others,and public order,even national interests.The current criminal law and judicial interpretations provide relatively complete criminal law protection for personal information from the source and end of the“industrial chain”of personal information crimes,but they cannot realize the special protection for biometric information.It is necessary to adhere to the prevention-oriented standpoint of centering on personality rights and interests to improve the special protection of the criminal law of biometric information.At the source of the“industrial chain”of personal information crimes,biometric information should be clearly positioned as“sensitive personal information”in the classification and grading of personal information,and the starting point of relevant infringement should be set at 50 items.At the end of the“industrial chain”of personal information crimes,the illegal use of biometric information should be included in the scope of regulation of the crime of infringing citizens’personal information.In the intermediate link of the“industrial chain”of personal information crimes,the illegal“hold”of biometric information should also be included in the scope of regulation of the crime of infringing citizens’personal information,so as to realize the effective regulation of the illegal retention behavior.
作者
刘宪权
陆一敏
LIU Xian-quan;LU Yi-min(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)
出处
《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期60-71,共12页
Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(项目编号:20&ZD199)的阶段性成果。
关键词
个人信息
生物识别信息
犯罪产业链
人格权益
预防导向
personal information
biometric information
crime industrial chain
personality rights
prevention orientation
