摘要
公铁联运背景下,无水港依托公转铁优势得到快速发展,对内河港造成严重冲击,两者无序竞争造成的资源浪费问题日益突出。为促进内陆港口之间的协调有序发展,考虑托运人对多式联运路径的选择偏好,构建基于Logit的内河港与无水港竞争合作博弈模型。在该决策模型中,港口基于利润最大化确定其相应的定价及联盟决策,而托运人则基于自身效用最优选择运输服务路径,在此基础上,设定不同情景,进一步研究内河港开通铁路专用线、内河港与无水港之间合作模式对港口竞合决策及托运人需求水平的影响。运用逆向归纳法求解Bertrand价格博弈模型,获得其相应的价格反应函数,并通过多次迭代得到博弈的均衡解。以岳阳港、长沙新港、阳逻港作为多式联运的中转节点,上海港作为国内多式联运的终点为例进行实证研究。研究结果表明:在港口利润最大的目标下,内河港与无水港合作优于竞争,但各自利润最高时的情景不完全相同。内河港无论是开通铁路专用线还是通过合作利用无水港的铁路线,其利润均能增加。内河港与无水港的路径互通合作模式不仅有利于提升港口联盟总体收益,也有利于提升托运人剩余价值。研究结果为不同情景下内河港与无水港的竞争与合作决策提供了参考依据。
On the context of rail-road intermodal transport,the dry port has developed rapidly relying on the advantage of road to rail,which has a serious impact on the inland river port.The resource waste caused by the disorderly competition has become increasingly prominent.In order to promote the coordinated and orderly development between inland ports,considering the shipper’s preference for multimodal transportation route,a game model of port competition and cooperation based on Logit was constructed.According to the model,the port determined price and alliance decision based on profit maximization,while the shipper chose the transport path based on utility optimality.On this basis,different scenarios are set to further study the impact of the operation of railway lines in inland river ports and the cooperation mode between inland river ports and dry ports on port competition and cooperation decisions and the demand level of shippers.The Bertrand price game model is solved by using the backward induction method.The corresponding price response function is obtained,and the equilibrium solution of the game is obtained through multiple iterations.Take Yueyang port,Changsha New port and Yangluo port as the transit nodes of multimodal transport,and Shanghai port as the destination of domestic multimodal transport as examples for empirical study.The results are drawn as follows.Under the goal of maximizing port profits,cooperation between inland ports is better than competition,but the scenarios when their profits are the highest are not exactly the same.The profits of inland river ports can be increased whether they operate railway lines or cooperate to use the railway lines of dry ports.The cooperation mode of path intercommunication between the two is beneficial to enhance the revenue of port alliance and shippers’surplus.The research results provide a reference for the competition and cooperation decision-making of inland river ports and dry ports under different scenarios.
作者
张得志
唐嘉欣
王臻杰
ZHANG Dezhi;TANG Jiaxin;WANG Zhenjie(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期42-51,共10页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71672193)
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30857)
长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2014146)。
关键词
公铁联运
竞合博弈
LOGIT模型
服务路径选择
实证分析
rail-road intermodal transport
co-opetition game
Logit model
service path selection
empirical analysis
