摘要
环境权在国际上普遍定义为人享有良好环境的权利,我国学术研究及地方立法基本也是这种观点。这一定义是西方“主―客”两分思维方式和片面人类中心主义的产物,不符合马克思主义人是自然的一部分的思想。“环境中心主义”倡导的自然的权利、动物的权利,也不可取。环境权应定义为人与自然和谐共生的权利,包括人享有良好环境、享有损害赔偿等请求权的财产性权利和通风、采光、瞭望、享有清洁空气、安宁等具体人格权,也包括对环境和生态文明的建议、监督、参与环境管理的政治权利及后代人视为享有的环境权。在环境权反思重构视阈下,我国应实行旅游兴国、自然再生、促进生物多样化的绿色化政策,制定景观法、自然再生促进法、产品包装回收利用法等绿色化法律。
Environmental rights are generally defined as humans’right to enjoy a healthy environment anywhere in the world,which is basically the same point of view in Chinese academic research and local legislation.This definition,however,as the product of the Western“subject-object”mode of thinking and the“one-sided”anthropocentrism,does not conform to Marx’s theory of“man is a part of nature”.Besides,“biocentrism”advocates the rights of nature and of animals,which are not appropriate either.From the perspective of this paper,environmental rights are closely related to the“harmonious coexistence between man and nature”.Therefore,the definition of environmental rights should take into account the following points:first,to guarantee the right of human beings to enjoy a good environment;second,to ensure that human beings enjoy claims and property rights,such as compensation for damages;third,to ensure that human beings enjoy specific personality rights,such as ventilation,lighting,observation,clean air,tranquility,etc.;fourth,to ensure that human beings enjoy the right to advise and supervise the environment and ecological civilization;fifth,to ensure that human beings enjoy the political right to participate in environmental management;and finally,to ensure that human beings enjoy the environmental rights that future generations regard as enjoying.From the perspective of reflection and reconstruction of environmental rights,China should implement the green policies of tourism,natural regeneration,and biological diversity promotion,and formulate green laws such as landscape,natural regeneration promotion,and product package recycling.
作者
刘士国
LIU Shi-guo(Law School, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325006, China;Law School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China)
出处
《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2022年第1期24-31,共8页
Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
关键词
环境权
反思与重构
和谐共生
绿色化政策与法律
environmental rights
reflection and reconstruction
harmonious coexistence
green policies and laws
